Table 2. Changes of physiological and performance parameters from pre- to post-training of the hypoxic and normoxic training group. Data are presented as means (±SD).
|
HG (n = 7) |
NG (n = 6) |
ANOVA |
| pre |
post |
pre |
post |
main effect
(training) |
interaction
(training x group) |
| VO2max (ml/min-1/kg-1) |
45.4 (10.1) |
50.0 (9.8) * |
48.1 (12.4) |
50.1 (9.3) |
.003 |
.146 |
| VO2max (ml/min-1) |
2905(925) |
3183(919) * |
3234 (1143) |
3380(943) |
.004 |
.284 |
| Maximal O2-pulse (ml/beat) |
15.4 (4.7) |
17.0 (4.3) * |
18.9 (6.6) |
18.3 (5.0) |
.256 |
.040 |
| §O2-pulsesub-max 150 (ml/beat) |
13.1 (2.7) |
14.4 (2.2) * |
15.3 (3.3) |
14.7 (2.8) |
.471 |
.078 |
| §§O2-pulsesub-max 100 (ml/beat) |
11.3 (2.8) |
11.5 (2.3) |
12.6 (3.9) |
13.3 (2.1) |
.407 |
.538 |
| §EqO2sub-max 150 |
26(4) |
25(4) |
23(1) |
25(2) |
.543 |
.008 |
| §§EqO2sub-max 100 |
24(3) |
24(3) |
22(2) |
23(2) |
.292 |
.348 |
| Wmax (Watt) |
231(74) |
251(75) ** |
248(68) |
277(68) * |
≤.001 |
.277 |
| Wmax/BW (Watt/kg) |
3.6 (.8) |
3.9 (.9) ** |
3.8 (.9) |
4.1 (.7) * |
≤.001 |
.946 |
| HRmax (bpm) |
190(12) |
189(12) |
180(9) |
185(7) |
.234 |
.081 |
| §HRsub-max 150 (bpm) |
160(22) |
154(18) |
144(10) |
147(21) |
.679 |
.332 |
| §§HRsub-max 100 (bpm) |
143(27) |
141(19) |
130(20) |
124(11) |
.679 |
.332 |
| §BFsub-max 150 (ml/min-1) |
27(8) |
27(6) |
27(4) |
30(4) |
.142 |
.142 |
| §§BFsub-max 100 (ml/min-1) |
25(8) |
24(8) |
25(5) |
25(2) |
.897 |
.897 |
| Weight (kg) |
62.9 (7.5) |
62.6 (7.5) |
66.9 (12.7) |
67.4 (12.3) |
.694 |
.135 |
| Hb (g/dl) |
13.9 (.9) |
13.0 (1.8) |
12.6 (2.3) |
13.1 (1.2) |
.633 |
.168 |
| Lamax (mmol/l) |
8.9 (2.2) |
9.1 (3.2) |
9.7 (1.9) |
11.5 (1.3) |
.118 |
.211 |
| RERmax |
1.18 (.06) |
1.19 (.06) |
1.18 (.08) |
1.20 (.06) |
.470 |
.630 |
BF, breathing frequency; EqO
2, ventilatory equivalent for oxygen; Hb, hemoglobin concentration; La
max, maximal lactate; RER, respiratory exchange ratio; sub-max 100, submaximal responses to 100 watts; sub-max 150, submaximal responses to 150 watts.*significant within-group changes from pre-to post-training (p ≤ 0.05).** significant within-group changes from pre- to post-training (p ≤ 0.001).
§sample size: NG= 4; HG= 6.
§§sample size: NG=5; HG=7
