Table 2. Changes of physiological and performance parameters from pre- to post-training of the hypoxic and normoxic training group. Data are presented as means (±SD).
HG (n = 7) NG (n = 6) ANOVA
pre post pre post main effect
(training)
interaction
(training x group)
VO2max (ml/min-1/kg-1) 45.4 (10.1) 50.0 (9.8) * 48.1 (12.4) 50.1 (9.3) .003 .146
VO2max (ml/min-1) 2905(925) 3183(919) * 3234 (1143) 3380(943) .004 .284
Maximal O2-pulse (ml/beat) 15.4 (4.7) 17.0 (4.3) * 18.9 (6.6) 18.3 (5.0) .256 .040
§O2-pulsesub-max 150 (ml/beat) 13.1 (2.7) 14.4 (2.2) * 15.3 (3.3) 14.7 (2.8) .471 .078
§§O2-pulsesub-max 100 (ml/beat) 11.3 (2.8) 11.5 (2.3) 12.6 (3.9) 13.3 (2.1) .407 .538
§EqO2sub-max 150 26(4) 25(4) 23(1) 25(2) .543 .008
§§EqO2sub-max 100 24(3) 24(3) 22(2) 23(2) .292 .348
Wmax (Watt) 231(74) 251(75) ** 248(68) 277(68) * ≤.001 .277
Wmax/BW (Watt/kg) 3.6 (.8) 3.9 (.9) ** 3.8 (.9) 4.1 (.7) * ≤.001 .946
HRmax (bpm) 190(12) 189(12) 180(9) 185(7) .234 .081
§HRsub-max 150 (bpm) 160(22) 154(18) 144(10) 147(21) .679 .332
§§HRsub-max 100 (bpm) 143(27) 141(19) 130(20) 124(11) .679 .332
§BFsub-max 150 (ml/min-1) 27(8) 27(6) 27(4) 30(4) .142 .142
§§BFsub-max 100 (ml/min-1) 25(8) 24(8) 25(5) 25(2) .897 .897
Weight (kg) 62.9 (7.5) 62.6 (7.5) 66.9 (12.7) 67.4 (12.3) .694 .135
Hb (g/dl) 13.9 (.9) 13.0 (1.8) 12.6 (2.3) 13.1 (1.2) .633 .168
Lamax (mmol/l) 8.9 (2.2) 9.1 (3.2) 9.7 (1.9) 11.5 (1.3) .118 .211
RERmax 1.18 (.06) 1.19 (.06) 1.18 (.08) 1.20 (.06) .470 .630
BF, breathing frequency; EqO2, ventilatory equivalent for oxygen; Hb, hemoglobin concentration; Lamax, maximal lactate; RER, respiratory exchange ratio; sub-max 100, submaximal responses to 100 watts; sub-max 150, submaximal responses to 150 watts.*significant within-group changes from pre-to post-training (p ≤ 0.05).** significant within-group changes from pre- to post-training (p ≤ 0.001).§sample size: NG= 4; HG= 6.§§sample size: NG=5; HG=7