Table 2. Metabolic responses and substrate oxidation during 40 km time-trial. Data are mean (±SE).
10 km 20 km 30 km 40 km
HR (bpm) PLA 158(2) 160(3) 163(4) 170(3)*
CHO 157(2) 160(3) 160(2) 173(3)*
V̇O2 (l·min-1) PLA 3.9 (.1) 3.9 (.1) 4.0 (.1) 4.2 (.1)
CHO 3.9 (.1) 3.9 (.1) 4.0 (.2) 4.4 (.2)
V̇E (l·min-1) PLA 89.6 (4.1) 89.6 (4.4) 92.8 (3.7) 104.2 (2.3)† 
CHO 93.9 (4.1) 93.9 (4.1) 94.9 (5.2) 113.8 (5.6)*
RER PLA .90 (.01) .87 (.01) .87 (.01) .89 (.01)
CHO .92 (.02) .90 (.01) .89 (.02)§ .92 (.02)
Carb. oxidation (g·min-1) PLA 3.27 (.23) 2.77 (.20) 2.75 (.20) 3.33 (.29)
CHO 3.68 (.27) 3.28 (.23) 3.15 (.33) 4.06 (.43)
Fat oxidation (g·min-1) PLA .64 (.09) .82 (.05) .86 (.05) .76 (.08)
CHO .47 (.12) .64 (.09) .73(10) .57 (.12)
No differences (p > 0.05) were observed between conditions for overall mean values.* Significantly different from 10 km, 20 km, and 30 km values†  Significantly different from 20 km and 30 km values‡ Significantly different from 10 km value§ Significantly different from 10 km, 20 km, and 40 km values¶ Significantly different from 40 km value