Table 2. Strength data for men and women.
|
Men (n = 16) |
Women (n = 16) |
p |
d |
Mean ± SD |
(95%CI) |
Mean ± SD |
(95%CI) |
IS force (N)* |
2660 ± 618 |
(2331-2989) |
2219 ± 533 |
(1935-2503) |
0.039 |
0.76 |
Normalized IS to BW |
3.39 ± 0.68 |
(3.03-3.75) |
3.38 ± 0.80 |
(2.95-3.81) |
0.981 |
0.01 |
Normalized IS to lean BW |
4.31 ± 0.87 |
(3.85-4.77) |
4.69 ± 0.97 |
(4.16-5.20) |
0.261 |
-0.41 |
IKF torque (N·m)* |
180.4 ± 29.4 |
(164.8-196.1) |
130.4 ± 27.0 |
(116.0-144.8) |
≤ 0.001 |
1.77 |
Normalized IKF to BM (Nm·kg-1)* |
2.28 ± 0.24 |
(2.15-2.41) |
1.98 ± 0.44 |
(1.74-2.21) |
0.023 |
0.85 |
Normalized IKF to thigh LM (Nm·kg-1) |
20.7 ± 2.5 |
(19.3-22.0) |
19.5 ± 5.7 |
(16.5-22.6) |
0.531 |
0.25 |
IKE torque (N·m)* |
290.8 ± 63.9 |
(256.8-324.9) |
210.6 ± 40.3 |
(189.1-232.0) |
≤ 0.001 |
1.50 |
Normalized IKE to BM (Nm·kg-1) |
3.70 ± 0.79 |
(3.28-4.13) |
3.21 ± 0.70 |
(2.83-3.58) |
0.072 |
0.66 |
Normalized IKE to thigh LM (Nm·kg-1) |
33.3 ± 6.4 |
(29.9-36.7) |
31.6 ± 9.2 |
(26.7-36.5) |
0.480 |
0.22 |
Ratio of H:Q Isometric Torque |
0.64 ± 0.14 |
(0.57-0.72) |
0.63 ± 0.16 |
(0.55-0.72) |
0.869 |
0.07 |
IS: Isometric squat; BW: Body weight; IKF: Isometric knee flexion; IKE: Isometric knee extension; BM: Body mass (of entire body) was used for normalization of IKE and IKF for comparison to previous research; LM: lean mass; H:Q, hamstring to quadriceps ratio of torque maximal produced during the IKF and IKE respectively. Data is presented as mean ± SD with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) and Cohen’s effect size (d).*Significant difference between men and women (p ≤ 0.05).