Table 2. Lipid profile, cardiac function, muscle strength, and body flexibility.
Variables |
Exercise group (n=13) |
Control group (n=15) |
P for time |
P for time*group |
Before |
After |
Before |
After |
TG (mmol/l) |
2.50 ± 1.58 |
2.05 ± 1.30 |
2.18 ± 1.32 |
2.27 ± 1.29 |
0.216 |
0.063 |
TC (mmol/l) |
5.29 ± 0.93 |
5.25 ± 1.11 |
5.50 ± 0.79 |
5.61 ± 0.69 |
0.574 |
0.215 |
HDL-C (mmol/l) |
1.08 ± 0.16 |
1.21 ± 0.19 |
1.19 ± 0.26 |
1.14 ± 0.24 |
0.125 |
0.003 |
LDL-C (mmol/l) |
3.15 ± 0.73 |
3.11 ± 0.71 |
3.32 ± 0.89 |
3.43 ± 0.75 |
0.545 |
0.219 |
Systolic BP(mmHg) |
135 ± 16 |
131 ± 16 |
136 ± 14 |
136 ± 14 |
0.244 |
0.260 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) |
83 ± 12 |
81 ± 10 |
80 ± 11 |
84 ± 5 |
0.488 |
0.032 |
Stroke volume (ml) |
80 ± 12 |
84 ± 22 |
76 ± 11 |
74 ± 8 |
0.893 |
0.115 |
Cardiac output (L/min) |
5.54 ± 0.73 |
5.78 ± 1.41 |
5.17 ± 0.60 |
4.94 ± 0.47 |
0.977 |
0.116 |
Ejection fraction (%) |
71.7 ± 12.5 |
76.5 ± 5.6 |
73.5 ± 7.2 |
72.2 ± 5.5 |
0.218 |
0.039 |
VO2max (ml/kg/min) |
32.3 ± 5.4 |
36.4 ± 6.2 |
33.4 ± 6.9 |
32.8 ± 6.0 |
0.243 |
0.011 |
Hand grip strength (kg) |
24.1 ± 4.8 |
26.5 ± 5.4 |
24.7 ± 5.3 |
23.6 ± 4.7 |
0.475 |
0.081 |
Sit and reach test (cm) |
6.2 ± 9.4 |
10.8 ± 8.9 |
9.1 ± 6.8 |
8.2 ± 6.3 |
0.010 |
<0.001 |
All data are presented as mean ± SD. TG, triglyceride.TC, total cholesterol. HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. BP, blood pressure. VO2max, maximal oxygen uptake.