Table 2. Vascular and blood characteristics. Values are mean ± standard deviation.
|
Whole Group |
Boys |
Girls |
| Macrovascular |
PAI (%) |
49.3 ± 9.9 (n=93) |
48.2 ± 9.6 (n=50) |
50.5 ± 10.2 (n=43) |
| Carotid to ankle PWV (m.s-1) |
5.97 ± 0.46 (n=90) |
5.94 ± 0.46 (n=50) |
6.02 ± 0.47 (n=40) |
| Carotid to radial PWV (m.s-1) |
6.64 ± 0.74 (n=94) |
6.59 ± 0.66 (n=52) |
6.70 ± 0.83 (n=42) |
| Microvascular |
FMR (V) |
1.78 ± 0.37 (n=96) |
1.78 ± 0.32 (n=53) |
1.79 ± 0.44(n=43) |
| Peak ACh response (V) |
1.96 ± 0.42 (n=93) |
1.97 ± 0.46 (n=51) |
1.95 ± 0.37 (n=42) |
| ACh AUC (V x time) |
479.6 ± 132.1 (n=92) |
488.5 ± 140.2 (n=50) |
469.1 ± 122.5 (n=42) |
| Peak SNP response (V) |
1.62 ± 0.49 (n=69) |
1.65 ± 0.48 (n=38) |
1.59 ± 0.51 (n=31) |
| SNP AUC (V x time) |
285.9 ± 113.6 (n=69) |
291.6 ± 112.8 (n=38) |
278.9 ± 115.9 (n=31) |
| Blood |
Total cholesterol (mmol.L-1) |
4.50 ± 0.46 (n=79) |
4.53 ± 0.66 (n=49) |
4.47 ± 0.47 (n=30) |
| HDL-C (mmol.L-1) |
1.86 ± 0.42 (n=78) |
1.89 ± 0.44 (n=49) |
1.80 ± 0.39 (n=29) |
| LDL-C (mmol.L-1) |
2.29 ± 0.59 (n=78) |
2.28 ± 0.55 (n=49) |
2.30 ± 0.66 (n=29) |
| TG (mmol.L-1) |
0.80 ± 0.29 (n=79) |
0.77 ± 0.29 (n=49) |
0.84 ± 0.30 (n=30) |
| Glucose (mmol.L-1) |
4.33 ± 0.42 (n=80) |
4.32 ± 0.40 (n=49) |
4.35 ± 0.36 (n=31) |
| Specific insulin (pmol.L-1) |
48.0 ± 25.0 (n=77) |
44.2 ± 24.1 (n=46) |
53.6 ± 25.6 (n=31) |
| β-cell function (%) |
124.5 ± 45.6 (n=77) |
117.4 ± 45.7 (n=46) |
135.0 ± 44.1 (n=31) |
| HOMA-IS (%) |
141.2 ± 87.1 (n=77) |
153.0 ± 90.1 (n=46) |
123.7 ± 80.6 (n=31) |
| HOMA-IR |
0.98 ± 0.51 (n=77) |
0.90 ± 0.48 (n=46) |
1.09 ± 0.52 (n=31) |
Values are mean ± standard deviation. Sample size (n=) is provided for each outcome. PAI - peripheral non-transformed augmentation index; PWV - pulse wave velocity; FMR - functional microvascular reserve; ACh - acetylcholine; AUC - area under the curve; SNP - sodium nitroprusside; HDL-C - high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C – low density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG -Triglyceride; HOMA – Homeostatic model assessment; IS – Insulin sensitivity; IR – Insulin resistance.
