Table 2. Kinematic parameters (angles in chosen joints and acceleration of the hand) - Means, Standard Deviations (SDs), Coefficients of Variation (CVs) and p value from the Student’s t-test (significant differences between TF1 and TF2) in particular events in the whole group during the topspin forehand, task2 (TF2).
|
TF1 |
| Ready |
Backswing |
Contact |
Forward |
| Mean(SD) |
CV(%) |
Mean(SD) |
CV(%) |
Mean(SD) |
CV(%) |
Mean(SD) |
CV(%) |
| LumbRot |
-3.6(14.4) |
404.9 |
-1.5(13.9) |
936.1 |
-0.4(17.4) |
3976.1 |
-6.1(15.3) |
251.4 |
| LumbFlex |
21.8(10.1) |
46.1 |
26.3(8.2) |
31.3 |
17.1(12.4) |
72.7 |
15.2(13.6) |
89.5 |
| LumbLat |
1.9(3.6) |
194.5 |
3.7(7.3) |
199.5 |
7.2(2.4) |
34.1 |
1.7(13.6) |
131.6 |
| ChestRot |
-4.3(7.1) |
165.7 |
1.9(9.6) |
494.6 |
5.7(8.2) |
144.5 |
5.1(6.4) |
126.1 |
| ChestFlex |
-7.8(7.3) |
93.6 |
-9.3(8.8) |
94.9 |
-12.7(5.8) |
45.7 |
-7.6(7.7) |
101.2 |
| ChestLat |
0.5(3.8) |
688.8 |
10.3(13.9) |
135.5 |
15.3(3.3) |
21.4 |
-1.7(4.1) |
244.1 |
| LeftHipFlex |
40.5(14.0) |
34.6 |
21.9(10.6) |
48.2 |
25.1(10.7) |
42.7 |
45.4(18.9) |
41.6 |
| LeftHipAbd |
14.3(13.6) |
94.7 |
19.1(13.6( |
71.3 |
19.1(10.2) |
53.3 |
9.9(16.3) |
164.7 |
| LeftHipRot |
-3.3(20.5) |
625.7 |
18.3(17.2) |
71.3 |
-4.2(16.9) |
399.7 |
-11.0(15.5) |
141.2 |
| LeftKneeFlex |
42.6(5.3) |
12.4 |
64.3(5.3) |
12.4 |
54.2(5.5) |
10.2 |
45.2(11.3) |
25.1 |
| RightHipFlex |
34.1(14.7) |
43.2 |
74.6(12.5) |
16.8 |
56.4(16.6) |
29.4 |
20.1(21.3) |
105.8 |
| RightHipAbd |
17.3(15.8) |
91.3 |
-4.1(19.1) |
469.1 |
9.9(13.2) |
133.4 |
19.9(14.4) |
72.5 |
| RightHipRot |
-2.2(23.3) |
1037.4 |
-28.9(14.1) |
48.9 |
-24.5(7.8) |
31.9 |
13.0(22.2) |
171.4 |
| RightKneeFlex |
22.8(9.5) |
25 |
63.3(17.7) |
28 |
65.9(11.1) |
16.9 |
56.2(17.2) |
30.6 |
| ShExtRot |
-33.1(43.7) |
131.9 |
-3.1(38.3) |
1232 |
6.1(37.0) |
607.3 |
-37.9(38.7) |
102.1 |
| ShFlex |
23.11(12.9) |
56 |
-7.5(24.5) |
326.5 |
25.1(14.9) |
59.3 |
96.7(18.9) |
19.5 |
| ShAbd |
1.5(10.0) |
649.9 |
35.8(31.4) |
87.7 |
35.8(17.4) |
49.6 |
72.2(108.4) |
150.1 |
| ElFlex |
47.7(50.5) |
105.8 |
27.4(28.2) |
103 |
25.6(36.6) |
143 |
38.8(75.9) |
196 |
| WrExtensio |
29.6(42.0) |
141.8 |
18.6(24.5) |
131.8 |
38.9(17.7) |
45.5 |
16.7(29.4) |
176.4 |
| WrRad |
2.4(10.1) |
420.5 |
-11.6(13.4) |
116.1 |
-10.2(26.6) |
260.2 |
-22.7(32.7) |
144 |
| WrSup |
41.7(86.3) |
206.8 |
10.2(13.4) |
131.4 |
13.9(43.5) |
313.4 |
-7.7(25.6) |
333 |
| ACC(m/s2) |
|
|
|
|
161.2p=0.01(4.6) |
3 |
|
|
Lumb – lumbar segment, Sh – shoulder, El – elbow, Wr – wrist, Rot – rotation, flex – flexion, Lat – lateral bend, Abd – abduction, ExtRot – external rotation, Rad – radial deviation, Sup – supination, bold font – significant difference with p≤0.05, bold font underlined with a single line – medium value of CV, bold font underlined with two lines – small value of CV.
