Authors | Study title | Country | Study population | Study design | Concussion knowledge assessed (Yes/No) | AXIS Critical Appraisal (areas of concern) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tier | Personnel | Sports | IDofCON | IMofCON | RPP | PrCON | CofCON | |||||
Clacy et al, |
A knock to the system: A new sociotechnical systems approach to sport-related concussion. | Australia | Amateur | 17 Coaches 6 Officials |
Rugby | Original open-ended questionnaire | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Total concerns: 6 6, 7, 9, 14, 13, 15 |
Mathema et al, |
Concussed or Not? An Assessment of Concussion Experience and Knowledge Within Elite and Semiprofessional Rugby Union. | Wales | Professional & Semi- professional |
44 Coaches 33 Referees |
Rugby | Original multiple-choice questionnaire | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Total concerns: 3 7, 14 & 18 |
Griffin et al, |
Concussion knowledge and experience among Welsh amateur rugby union coaches and referees | Wales | Amateur | 333 Coaches 283 Officials |
Rugby | Multiple-choice questionnaire | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Total concerns: 4 6, 7, 13, 14 |
King et al, |
First-aid concussion knowledge of rugby league team management, administrators and officials in New Zealand. | New Zealand |
Amateur | 50 Coaches 3 Officials |
Rugby | Open-ended & multiple-choice questionnaire |
Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Total concerns: 7 3, 6, 7, 13, 14, 18, 19 |
Hunt et al, |
Knowledge, Attitudes and Concussion Information Sources Among First Nations in Ontario. | Canada | High school | 64 Coaches + Officials | Hockey | Multiple-choice questionnaire | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Total concerns: 4 6, 7, 13 & 14 |
Niederer et al, |
Return-to-play after concussion: state of knowledge, frequency of use and application barriers of guidelines among decision-makers in rugby. | Germany | Professional & Semi-professional | 61 Coaches 109 Officials |
Rugby | Original multiple-choice & scenario-based questionnaire |
No | No | Yes | No | No | Total concerns: 3 6, 7, 13, 14 |
Kroshus, 2017 | Calling Injury Timeouts for the Medical Evaluation of Concussion: Determinants of Collegiate Football Officials' Behavior. | United States | College | 1324 Officials | Hockey | Original scenario-based questionnaire |
No | Yes | No | No | No | Total concerns: 6 6, 7, 9, 13, 14 & 19 |
Guilmette, 2007 | A survey of concussion knowledge and management among New England high school football coaches | United States | High school | 62 Coaches | American football | Original true-false & Scenario-based questionnaire | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Total concerns: 4 6, 7, 13 & 14 |
Faure, |
An Examination of Idaho High School Football Coaches' General Understanding of Concussion. | United States | High school | 77 Coaches | American football | Original open-ended questionnaire and Interview (10 coaches) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Total concerns: 7 5, 6, 7, 9, 14, 15 & 19 |
O’Donoghue et al, |
Assessment of High School Coaches' Knowledge of Sport-Related Concussions. | United States | High school | 126 Coaches | Unspecified | Original multiple-choice questionnaire |
Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Total concerns: 4 6, 7, 13 & 14 |
Kirk et al, |
Concussion in University Level Sport: Knowledge and Awareness of Athletes and Coaches. | Ireland | College | 8 Coaches | Unspecified | Multiple-choice questionnaire | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Total concerns: 7 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 13 & 14 |
Kroshus et al, 2016 | Concussion Knowledge and Communication Behaviours of Collegiate Wrestling Coaches | United States | College | 89 Coaches | Wrestling | Multiple-choice & scenario-based questionnaire | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Total concerns: 6 5, 6, 7, 13, 14, 19 |
Fraas et al, |
Concussion knowledge and management practices among coaches and medical staff in Irish professional rugby teams. | Ireland | Professional | 11 Coaches | Rugby | Multiple-choice questionnaire | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Total concerns: 5 3, 5, 6, 7 & 14 |
Esquivel et al, |
Concussion Management, Education, and Return-to-Play Policies in High Schools: A Survey of Athletic Directors, Athletic Trainers, and Coaches. | United States | High School | 119 Coaches | Unspecified | Original multiple-choice & open-ended questionnaire | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Total concerns: 5 6, 7, 9, 13 & 14 |
Broglio et al, |
Concussion occurrence and knowledge in Italian football (soccer) | Italy | Amateur | 27 Coaches | Soccer | Multiple-choice questionnaire | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Total concerns: 4 6, 7, 14, 19 |
Kroshus, 2016 | Content, Delivery, and Effectiveness of Concussion Education for US College Coaches | United States | College | 1818 Coaches | Unspecified | Multiple-choice & scenario-based questionnaire | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Total concerns: 4 6, 7, 13 & 14 |
Bramley et al, 2012 | Do Youth Hockey Coaches Allow Players with a Known Concussion to Participate in a Game? | United States | High School | 314 Coaches | Hockey | Original scenario-based questionnaire | No | Yes | No | No | No | Total concerns: 0 |
Guo, |
Exploring Gaps in Concussion Knowledge and Knowledge Translation Among Coaches of Youth Female Hockey. | Canada | Amateur | 130 Coaches | Hockey | Multiple-choice questionnaire | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Total concerns: 4 6, 7, 13 & 14 |
Chrisman et al, |
Implementation of concussion legislation and extent of concussion education for athletes, parents, and coaches in Washington State. | United States | High School | 270 Coaches | American football & soccer | Original multiple-choice questionnaire | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Total concerns: 5 6, 7, 9, 13 & 14 |
White et al, 2013 | Knowledge about sports-related concussion: is the message getting through to coaches and trainers? | Australia | Amateur | 519 Coaches | Unspecified | Multiple-choice questionnaire | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Total concerns: 5 6, 9, 7, 13 & 14 |
Naftel et al, |
Knowledge and management of sports concussions among coaches and certified athletic trainers in Alabama. | United States | High school | 402 Coaches | Unspecified | Original multiple-choice questionnaire | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Total concerns: 5 6, 7, 9, 13 & 14 |
Saunders et al, 2012 | Knowledge of Coaching Education Students Regarding Sport-Related Concussions. | United States | Mixed | 150 Coaches | Unspecified | Multiple-choice questionnaire | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Total concerns: 6 6, 7, 9, 13, 14, 15, 19 |
Shroyer, |
Knowledge of Concussions by High School Coaches in a Rural Environment. | United States | High school | 52 coaches | Unspecified | Multiple-choice questionnaire | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Total concerns: 7 6, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 19 |
Hossler, |
New Jersey Coaches' Knowledge in Recognizing and Managing Concussion | United States | High school | 537 Coaches | Unspecified | Multiple-choice & scenario-based questionnaire |
Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Total concerns: 6 6, 7, 9, 13, 14 & 15 |
Glang, |
Online training in sports concussion for youth sports coaches | United States | Below high school | 75 Coaches | Unspecified | Multiple-choice questionnaire | Yes | No | No | No | No | Total concerns: 4 6, 7, 13, 14 |
Valovich McLeod, |
Sport-related concussion misunderstanding among youth coaches. | United States | Below high school | 156 Coaches | Unspecified | Original multiple-choice & scenario-based questionnaire | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Total concerns: 5 6, 7, 13, 14 & 18 |
Mrazik, |
Sport-related concussions: knowledge translation among minor hockey coaches. | Canada | Mixed | Coaches | Hockey | Original multiple-choice & scenario-based questionnaire | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Total concerns: 5 6, 7, 9, 13 & 14 |