Table 2. Postural stability data for the 3 groups. All values are mean ± standard deviation.
|
Neutral |
Flatfoot |
High-arch |
P values |
Effect sizesb |
| Neutral vs Flatfoot |
Neutral vs High-arch |
Flatfoot vs High-arch |
| Time during APA (s) a |
1.13 ± 1.40 |
0.96 ± 1.21 |
0.66 ± 0.37 |
0.744 |
0.08 |
0.00 |
0.23 |
| COP displacement during APA (m) |
0.21 ± 0.03 |
0.18 ± 0.07 |
0.16 ± 0.04 |
0.110 |
0.57 |
1.50 |
0.38 |
| COP excursion during APA (m)a |
0.10 ± 0.01 |
0.08 ± 0.03 |
0.08 ± 0.02 |
0.060 |
0.27 |
0.54 |
0.26 |
| Time to new stability point (s)a |
4.95 ± 2.04 |
3.87 ± 2.30 |
4.70 ± 1.42 |
0.627 |
0.23 |
0.07 |
0.16 |
| AP COP displacement during the first 3 s after TNSP (m) |
0.15 ± 0.03 |
0.21 ± 0.05* |
0.15 ± 0.05 |
0.020 |
1.37 |
0.16 |
1.28 |
| ML COP displacement during the first 3 s after TNSP (m) |
0.17 ± 0.04 |
0.23 ± 0.06* |
0.17 ± 0.04 |
0.023 |
1.24 |
0.03 |
1.25 |
| Resultant COP displacement during the first 3 s after TNSP (m) |
0.25 ± 0.05 |
0.34 ± 0.08* |
0.25 ± 0.07 |
0.012 |
1.40 |
0.11 |
1.37 |
APA: anticipatory postural adjustments; COP: center of pressure; TNSP: time to new stability point; AP: anteroposterior; ML: mediolateral.
a The data were not normally distributed.
b Cohen’s d and r were calculated when the data were normally distributed and not normally distributed, respectively.* Significant differences compared with neutral and high-arch groups on post-hoc Tukey honestly significant difference tests (p < 0.05).
