Table 2. Mean (±SD) descriptive characteristics for chronological age-related anthropometry, body composition, adipokines, and jumping performance data for rhythmic gymnasts and untrained controls.

	Age categories (years)
	7	8	9	10	11	12
	Rhythmic Gymnasts
N	14	31	38	36	27	9
Height (cm)	129.4 ± 4.8	130.7 ± 6.5	134.9 ± 5.3	141.5 ± 6.0	145.5 ± 5.3	151.0 ± 5.4
Body mass (kg)	27.1 ± 3.2	27.0 ± 3.6	29.0 ± 2.9	32.6 ± 3.9	34.8 ± 3.9*	39.8 ± 3.7
Fat mass (kg)	5.0 ± 1.9	4.9 ± 1.9*	5.4 ± 1.6*	6.2 ± 1.8*	6.6 ± 2.1*	8.5 ± 2.4
Fat free mass (kg)	20.6 ± 2.1	20.5 ± 2.3*	22.0 ± 2.1	24.6 ± 2.8*	26.0 ± 2.5	29.1 ± 2.3
Leptin (ng/mL)	2.6 ± 2.1	2.1 ± 1.0*	2.3 ± 1.5*	2.7 ± 1.4*	2.8 ± 1.9*	2.5 ± 0.8*
Adiponectin (µg/mL)	8.8 ± 3.3	9.9 ± 3.3	13.4 ± 7.8	13.6 ± 7.1	12.6 ± 5.4*	15.8 ± 7.3
CMJ (cm)	24.2 ± 2.1	23.7 ± 3.5*	24.2 ± 2.6*	25.9 ± 2.5*	26.1 ± 2.3*	27.6 ± 2.8*
RBJ15s (cm)	20.5 ± 2.3	21.4 ± 2.7*	21.3 ± 2.5*	21.5 ± 2.9*	22.0 ± 2.7*	22.7 ± 2.5*
	Untrained Controls
N	4	26	39	38	33	14
Height (cm)	126.9 ± 6.7	128.4 ± 4.5	133.4 ± 5.6	139.2 ± 6.0	146.0 ± 6.9	150.8 ± 6.4
Body mass (kg)	23.6 ± 3.5	27.1 ± 4.1	30.1 ± 4.9	34.3 ± 6.8	39.4 ± 8.2	43.3 ± 10.1
Fat mass (kg)	3.9 ± 1.5	6.2 ± 2.5	7.6 ± 3.0	9.3 ± 4.3	11.3 ± 4.9	12.3 ± 6.1
Fat free mass (kg)	18.3 ± 2.4	19.2 ± 1.7	21.2 ± 2.4	23.2 ± 3.0	26.1 ± 3.9	28.9 ± 4.9
Leptin (ng/mL)	1.7 ± 0.8	3.7 ± 2.3	4.7 ± 2.9	6.3 ± 3.9	7.7 ± 4.2	7.9 ± 4.8
Adiponectin (µg/mL)	10.3 ± 2.2	11.1 ± 4.8	10.7 ± 3.6	11.3 ± 3.5	9.7 ± 4.2	10.3 ± 4.7
CMJ (cm)	19.5 ± 2.4	19.8 ± 2.3	19.5 ± 2.0	21.5 ± 2.3	22.5 ± 2.7	23.0 ± 3.4
RBJ15s (cm)	17.0 ± 2.6	16.7 ± 2.2	16.5 ± 2.5	17.8 ± 2.7	18.8 ± 3.0	18.9 ± 2.3

CMJ, countermovement jump; RBJ15s, rebound jumps for 15 seconds.*Significant difference between rhythmic gymnasts and untrained controls at the specified chronological age category; p < 0.05.