Table 2. Baseline values, changes, and a comparison of the changes (workshop minus control, adjusted to mean baseline value) for the children in control and workshop groups who completed assessments at the end of the study.

		Baseline			Observed change		Comparison (mean, ±CL; decision)
		Control (mean ± SD)	Workshop (mean ± SD)	SWE	Control (mean ± SD)	Workshop (mean ± SD)
Mean motivation (0-100)	B	81 ± 9	74 ± 15	3	-24 ± 22	-6 ± 20	12, ±13; moderate, benefit
	G	69 ± 23	66 ± 21	4	-42 ± 27	-6 ± 25	33, ±13; large, benefit****
DTKI omitted responses	B	24 ±15	18 ±12	-3	5 ± 12	-2 ± 6	-8, ±5; moderate, benefit***
	G	15 ±8	14 ±8	-2	2 ± 13	1 ± 8	-2, ±8; small, benefit
DTKI mistakes	B	23 ±15	30 ±25	-4	14 ± 24	-3 ± 21	-20, ±13; moderate, benefit***
	G	17 ± 14	11 ± 9	-2	1 ± 19	4 ± 10	-2, ±10; small, benefit
Dispositional coping (0-100)	B	35 ±14	37 ± 18	3	-3 ± 12	0 ± 19	4, ±9; small, benefit
	G	33 ±18	33± 15	3	3 ± 21	10 ± 25	8, ±10; small, benefit
Sport state anxiety (0-100)	B	25 ± 10	29 ± 18	-2	7 ± 11	-1 ± 17	-6, ±8; small, benefit
	G	41 ± 12	45 ± 22	-4	-11 ± 11	-7 ± 20	4, ±10; small, harm*
Sport state anxiety self-reflection (0-100)	B	59 ± 17	65 ± 17	3	-7 ± 21	2 ± 19	14, ±11; moderate, benefit
	G	50 ± 5	47 ± 17	3	17 ± 19	2 ± 26	-12, ±14; moderate, harm**
Sport trait anxiety (0-100)	B	33 ± 20	39 ± 29	-5	1 ± 20	-6 ± 25	-2, ±12; trivial
	G	54 ± 25	57 ± 28	-5	7 ± 42	-3 ± 27	-9, ±27; small, benefit
Athlete-coach relationship (0-100)	B	86 ± 7	82 ± 14	2	-6 ± 14	-4 ± 16	0, ±9; trivial
	G	87 ± 5	75 ± 12	2	-12 ± 30	1 ± 10	-6, ±37; small, harm
Motor reaction time (ms)	B	182 ± 62	173 ± 36	-11	-15 ± 45	3 ± 35	14, ±19; small, harm*
	G	220 ± 28	230 ± 44	-8	-20 ± 64	-37 ± 33	-18, ±40; small, benefit
Reaction time (ms)	B	485 ± 84	473 ± 74	-16	-44 ± 84	-19 ± 59	19, ±34; small, harm*
	G	536 ± 71	484 ± 61	-14	-46 ± 92	-30 ± 56	-13, ±48; trivial
Situational coping (0-100)	B	47 ± 19	47 ± 11	3	5 ± 16	3 ± 16	-2, ±10; trivial, harm*
	G	50 ± 15	45 ± 13	3	8 ± 15	10 ± 20	-2, ±9; trivial, harm*

*possible,**likely,***very likely,****most likely. Comparisons in bold are clear with more conservative hypothesis tests (p < 0.001 or p < 0.05 respectively).SWE, smallest worthwhile effect for benefit. B, boys (footballers); G, girls (gymnasts); CL, 90% confidence limits; DTKI, Determination test for kids. Sample sizes: footballers control 15-19, workshop 13-15; gymnasts control 8-10, workshop 12-13. Clear comparisons (p<0.005 or p<0.25 for rejecting hypotheses of harm or benefit respectively) are shown with the following likelihoods for benefit or harm: