Table 2. Changes (mean ± SD) in pain pressure threshold (PPT), muscle soreness at maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC-ISO), maximal voluntary concentric contraction (MVC-CON), stretching, and palpation before maximal eccentric contraction task (baseline), pre- and post-vibration foam rolling (VFR) intervention at both low-frequency (LF)- and high-frequency (HF) intervention. The two-way ANOVA results (T: time effect, G x T: group x time interaction effect; F-value) and partial η
2 (η
p2) are shown in right column.
|
LF-VFR Group (N=14) |
HF-VFR Group (N=14) |
ANOVA results |
| Baseline |
Pre-intervention |
Post-intervention |
Baseline |
Pre-intervention |
Post-intervention |
P value, F value, ηp2 |
| PPT (kg) |
2.7 ± 1.0 |
2.1 ± 1.0* |
3.2 ± 1.2# |
2.7 ± 1.6 |
1.4 ± 0.7* |
2.4 ± 0.9# |
T: p < 0.01, F = 17.5, ηp2 = 0.403
G x T: p = 0.10, F = 2.38, ηp2 = 0.084 |
| Muscle Soreness |
| at MVC-ISO (mm) |
2.3 ± 4.8 |
37.0 ± 22.3* |
18.9 ± 15.6* # |
4.0 ± 6.0 |
35.9 ± 25.1* |
20.9 ± 20.5* # |
T: p < 0.01, F = 47.2, ηp2 = 0.645
G x T: p = 0.89, F = 0.12, ηp2 = 0.005 |
| at MVC-CON (mm) |
6.0 ± 9.4 |
39.5 ± 22.5* |
23.1 ± 15.7* # |
3.2 ± 5.7 |
28.3 ± 18.8* |
18.3 ± 16.9* # |
T: p < 0.01, F = 37.5, ηp2 = 0.59
G x T: p = 0.44, F = 0.84, ηp2 = 0.031 |
| at stretching (mm) |
12.4 ± 22.9 |
47.1 ± 23.4* |
33.6 ± 21.9* # |
5.3 ± 7.4 |
32.1 ± 23.0* |
19.2 ± 20.6# |
T: p < 0.01, F = 45.1, ηp2 = 0.634
G x T: p = 0.41, F = 0.90, ηp2 = 0.033 |
| at palpation (mm) |
10.9 ± 11.3 |
40.4 ± 16.2* |
25.2 ± 7.7* # |
9.8 ± 9.2 |
45.4 ± 18.7* |
24.4 ± 11.1* # |
T: p < 0.01, F = 70.1, ηp2 = 0.73
G x T: p = 0.46, F = 0.78, ηp2 = 0.029 |
*: A significantly (p < 0.05) different from the baseline value;#: A significantly (p < 0.05) different from the pre-intervention value.
