Table 2. Mean score and intensity of premenstrual syndromes before and after the HIIT spinning exercise intervention.
| PSST component |
Control (1) |
Dysmen (2) |
DysmenHIIT (3) |
| Rank mean |
Rank mean |
Rank mean |
| Symptoms |
Pre |
Post |
Pre |
Post |
Pre |
Post |
| Anger/irritability |
1.5 ± 0.5 |
1.5 ± 0.5 2 |
2.0 ± 0.5 |
2.3 ± 0.6 1,3 |
2.0 ± 0.8 |
1.6 ± 0.5 2,* |
| Anxiety/tension |
1.4 ± 0.5 |
1.3 ± 0.5 2 |
1.8 ± 0.6 |
2.0 ± 0.6 1,3 |
2.0 ± 0.8 |
1.3 ± 0.5 2,* |
| Tearfulness |
1.3 ± 0.5 |
1.3 ± 0.4 2 |
1.8 ± 0.8 |
2.0 ± 0.7 1,3 |
1.7 ± 0.6 |
1.4 ± 0.6 2 |
| Depressed mood |
1.5 ± 0.5 2,3 |
1.5 ± 0.5 2 |
2.2 ± 0.6 1 |
2.3 ± 0.7 1 |
2.3 ± 0.8 1 |
1.7 ± 0.5 * |
| Decreased interest in work activities |
1.2 ± 0.4 2,3 |
1.3 ± 0.5 2 |
1.9 ± 0.9 1 |
2.0 ± 0.8 1 |
1.9 ± 0.5 1 |
1.4 ± 0.5 * |
| Decreased interest in home activities |
1.3 ± 0.5 2,3 |
1.2 ± 0.4 2 |
1.9 ± 0.6 1 |
1.9 ± 0.7 1,3 |
1.8 ± 0.6 1 |
1.3 ± 0.5 2,* |
| Decreased interest in social activities |
1.1 ± 0.3 2,3 |
1.3 ± 0.5 2 |
1.6 ± 0.5 1 |
1.9 ± 0.6 1,3 |
2.3 ± 0.9 1 |
1.3 ± 0.5 2,* |
| Difficulty concentrating |
1.2 ± 0.4 |
1.3 ± 0.5 |
1.5 ± 0.8 |
1.9 ± 0.8 3 |
1.7 ± 0.8 |
1.2 ± 0.4 2,* |
| Fatigue/lack of energy |
1.4 ± 0.5 2,3 |
1.7 ± 0.5 2 |
2.3 ± 0.7 1 |
2.6 ± 0.6 1,3 |
2.3± 0.8 1 |
1.6 ± 0.3 2,* |
| Overeating/food cravings |
1.7 ± 0.6 |
1.7 ± 0.6 |
2.1 ± 0.5 |
2.2 ± 0.7 |
1.9 ± 0.8 |
1.7 ± 0.6 |
| Insomnia |
1.0 ± 0 |
1.0 ± 0 2 |
1.2 ± 0.4 |
1.5 ± 0.5 1 |
1.2 ± 0.4 |
1.3 ± 0.6 |
| Hypersomnia |
1.3 ± 0.5 2,3 |
1.4 ± 0.5 |
2.3 ± 0.8 1 |
1.9 ± 0.7 |
2.2 ± 0.8 1 |
1.6 ± 0.7 * |
| Feeling overwhelmed/out of control |
1.1 ± 0.3 |
1.1 ± 0.4 |
1.2 ± 0.4 |
1.3 ± 0.5 |
1.3 ± 0.5 |
1.3 ± 0.5 |
| Physical symptoms+ |
1.4 ± 0.5 2,3 |
1.7 ± 0.5 2 |
2.5 ± 0.8 1 |
2.6 ± 0.7 1 |
2.3 ± 0.6 1 |
2.1 ± 0.6 |
| Interference with activities |
| Work productivity/efficiency |
1.3 ± 0.5 2 |
1.3 ± 0.5 2 |
1.9 ± 0.9 1 |
2.0 ± 0.9 1 |
1.7 ± 0.6 |
1.4 ± 0.5 |
| Colleagues/classmate |
1.0 ± 0 |
1.1 ± 0.3 2 |
1.3 ± 0.5 |
1.5 ± 0.5 1,3 |
1.3 ± 0.6 |
1.1 ± 0.3 2 |
| Family relationships |
1.0 ± 0 |
1.0 ± 0 2 |
1.3 ± 0.5 |
1.5 ± 0.5 1,3 |
1.3 ± 0.5 |
1.1 ± 0.3 2 |
| Social activities |
1.0 ± 0 2,3 |
1.1 ± 0.4 2 |
1.5 ± 0.6 1 |
1.7 ± 0.6 1,3 |
1.5 ± 0.6 1 |
1.1 ± 0.4 2,* |
| Home responsibilities |
1.0 ± 0 |
1.0 ± 0 2 |
1.1 ± 0.3 |
1.3 ± 0.5 1,* |
1.1 ± 0.3 |
1.1 ± 0.4 |
| Total scores |
23.6 ± 2.7 2,3 |
24.8 ± 3.4 2 |
33.1 ± 4.8 1 |
36.7 ± 5.9 1,3 |
33.7 ± 6.1 1 |
26.1 ±4.4 2,* |
The physical symptoms (+) of premenstrual syndromes include breast tenderness, headaches, joint/muscular pain, bloating and weight gain. Control and Dysmenorrhea groups were defined according to the definitions of inclusion criteria from the VAS scores of the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire in the current study. Superscripts numbers (1, 2, and 3) indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) between the groups in pre- or post-testing and‘*’ indicates significant differences between pre- and post-testing.
