Table 2. Pre- and post-test values as well as the results of the two-way ANOVA providing the time-effect and the time* group interaction
Parameter |
Pre-test (M ± SD) in N |
Post-test (M ± SD) in N |
% Pre-Post Differences |
Time effect |
Time * condition |
FRpassive |
127.40 ± 16.95 |
130.29 ± 17.17 |
+2.45 |
p = 0.003 |
p = 0.004* |
SRpassive |
126.13 ± 16.95 |
130.03 ± 17.12 |
+3.22 |
F54.1 = 9.423 |
F54.2 = 5.995 |
CGpassive |
126.27 ± 17.86 |
125.19 ± 19.23 |
-0.97* |
Æž² = 0.149 |
Æž² = 0.182 |
FRdyn |
95.69 ± 13.05 |
93.97 ± 12.34 |
-1.65 |
p = 0.121 |
p = 0.655 |
SRdyn |
95.86 ± 9.00 |
93.55 ± 8.45 |
-2.28 |
F54.1 = 2.485 |
F54.2 = 0.426 |
CGdyn |
98.61 ± 11.18 |
97.99 ± 19.98 |
-0.89 |
Æž² = 0.044 |
Æž² = 0.016 |
FRballistic |
124.80 ± 15.31 |
120.08 ± 15.91 |
-3.83 |
p < 0.001 |
p = 0.248 |
SRballistic |
125.92 ± 13.76 |
120.20 ± 14.82 |
-4.59 |
F54.1 = 48.564 |
F54.2 = 1.43 |
CGballistic |
124.08 ± 13.34 |
121.01 ± 14.43 |
-2.53 |
Æž² = 0.473 |
Æž² = 0.05 |
FRKtW |
10.87 ± 2.99 |
11.37 ± 2.86 |
+5.15 |
p < 0.001 |
p < 0.001* |
SRKtW |
10.83 ± 3.12 |
11.40 ± 3.00 |
+5.84 |
F54.1 = 20.256 |
F54.2 = 8.416 |
CGKtW |
11.04 ± 3.00 |
10.95 ± 2.89 |
-0.61* |
Æž² = 0.273 |
Æž² = 0.238 |
FR=foam rolling, SR=sham rolling, CG=control group, passive=passive ROM testing in the hip flexor, dyn=active dynamic hip flexor ROM testing, ballistic=ballistic hip flexor ROM testing, KtW=knee to wall test to evaluate the ankle joint ROM.Asterisks (*) illustrate a time * group interaction significant difference between the control condition versus the other two intervention conditions (FR and SR).