Table 2. Within-group change and ANOVA results in blood analysis markers.
HIFT1 (n = 4) HIFT2 (n = 8) HIFT3 (n = 9) ANOVA
Pre
M (SD)		 Post
M (SD)		 Cohen’s d
[95% CI]		 Pre
M (SD)		 Post
M (SD)		 Cohen’s d
[95% CI]		 Pre
M (SD)		 Post
M (SD)		 Cohen’s d
[95% CI]		 Group
p-value		 Time
p-value		 G×T
p-value
GLU
(mg/dL)		 107.8
(22.8)		 98.3
(17.0)		 0.98
[-0.30, 2.17]		 100.3
(7.0)		 95.4
(8.5)		 1.00
[0.12, 1.85]		 99.8
(5.2)		 98.1
(9.6)		 0.23
[-0.44, 0.88]		 0.711 0.004 0.197
INS
(mcIU/mL)		 12.6
(6.7)		 9.2
(2.5)		 0.78
[-0.41, 1.88]		 18.2
(15.4)		 9.8
(4.6)		 0.58
[-0.19, 1.32]		 12.5
(4.0)		 11.4
(4.6)		 0.52
[-0.19, 1.21]		 0.687 0.061 0.292
HOMA-IR
(mg/dL)		 3.6
(2.7)		 2.3
(1.1)		 0.77
[-0.41, 1.88]		 4.5
(3.5)		 2.4
(1.2)		 0.64
[-0.15, 1.39]		 3.1
(1.1)		 2.8
(1.3)		 0.40
[-0.30, 1.07]		 0.839 0.029 0.262
HbA1c (%) 5.8
(0.2)		 5.7
(0.2)		 0.39
[-0.66, 1.38]		 5.5
(0.3)		 5.5
(0.2)		 0.23
[-0.48, 0.92]		 5.8
(0.4)		 5.7
(0.3)		 0.20
[-0.47, 0.86]		 0.171 0.313 0.979
ApoB
(mg/dL)		 113.0
(31.1)		 110.5
(25.2)		 0.24
[-0.78, 1.22]		 90.5
(19.6)		 85.4
(12.9)		 0.35
[-0.38, 1.05]		 111.7
(25.1)		 107.4
(19.8)		 0.39
[-0.30, 1.06]		 0.082 0.187 0.942
TC
(mg/dL)		 212.3
(27.8)		 210.5
(24.3)		 0.11
[-0.80, 1.08]		 193.4
(58.3)		 188.3
(33.7)		 0.17
[-0.53, 0.87]		 220.8
(50.0)		 213.8
(40.0)		 0.44
[-0.26, 1.11]		 0.435 0.387 0.927
LDL-C
(mg/dL)		 133.8
(36.9)		 126.5
(35.6)		 0.65
[-0.49, 1.71]		 112.6
(42.5)		 109.9
(24.7)		 0.12
[-0.59, 0.81]		 140.4
(32.3)		 137.4
(28.1)		 0.21
[-0.46, 0.87]		 0.223 0.321 0.912
VLDL-C
(mg/dL)		 28.3
(25.7)		 29.8
(16.7)		 0.15
[-1.13, 0.85]		 29.3
(14.6)		 24.4
(11.5)		 0.37
[-0.36, 1.08]		 25.0
(9.9)		 21.6
(7.3)		 0.38
[-0.31, 1.05]		 0.705 0.383 0.636
HDL-C
(mg/dL)		 46.0
(17.5)		 46.8
(11.8)		 0.11
[-1.09, 0.88]		 51.5
(21.3)		 54.0
(15.0)		 0.27
[-0.96, 0.45]		 51.6
(20.2)		 50.8
(22.1)		 0.13
[-0.53, 0.78]		 0.858 0.634 0.660
TG
(mg/dL)		 179.0
(167.7)		 184.0
(129.5)		 0.12
[-1.09, 0.88]		 172.3
(63.3)		 148.1
(44.5)		 0.57
[-0.20, 1.31]		 145.0
(53.3)		 133.0
(48.5)		 0.39
[-0.30, 1.06]		 0.634 0.251 0.460
LDL-T
(mg/dL)		 63.3
(56.6)		 46.5
(24.5)		 0.52
[-0.58, 1.54]		 42.5
(10.3)		 32.4
(6.4)		 1.59
[0.50, 2.64]		 39.7
(9.5)		 39.8
(12.4)		 0.01
[-0.67, 0.64]		 0.304 0.020 0.162
VLDL-T
(mg/dL)		 99.0
(106.4)		 96.3
(62.5)		 0.06
[-0.93, 1.04]		 110.4
(56.1)		 98.0
(42.3)		 0.35
[-0.38, 1.05]		 86.1
(41.2)		 77.8
(35.9)		 0.39
[-0.31, 1.05]		 0.667 0.312 0.888
TG/HDL-C ratio 5.1
(6.1)		 4.7
(4.5)		 0.25
[-0.77, 1.23]		 4.2
(2.7)		 3.2
(1.9)		 0.86
[0.02, 1.66]		 3.3
(1.8)		 3.2
(1.8)		 0.11
[-0.55, 0.76]		 0.648 0.096 0.358
High-intensity functional training (HIFT). One-day per week (HIFT1). Two-days per week (HIFT2). Three-days per week (HIFT3). Glucose (GLU). Insulin (INS). Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Apolipoprotein B (ApoB). Total cholesterol (TC). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Triglyceride (TG). Low-density lipoprotein triglyceride (LDL-T). Very low-density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL-T). Group by time interaction (G×T).