Table 2. Group comparisons between sexes.
| Variable |
Male mean (SD) |
Female mean (SD) |
Significance (effect size) |
Male relative mean (SD) |
Female relative mean (SD) |
Significance (effect size) |
| Overall mean force (N) |
170.2 (12.2) |
122.1 (10.0) |
<0.01 (4.23) |
1.94 (0.28) |
1.66 (0.28) |
<0.01 (1.00) |
| Max Force (N) |
203.9 (6.9) |
143.8 (5.8) |
<0.01 (9.36) |
2.33 (0.32) |
1.96 (0.29) |
<0.01 (1.22) |
| Mean peak force (N) |
183.3 (14.2) |
130.5 (12.1) |
<0.01 (3.96) |
2.09 (0.30) |
1.77 (0.30) |
<0.01 (1.07) |
| Inter-stroke range (N) |
25.6 (11.3) |
15.5 (6.6) |
<0.01 (1.05) |
0.29 (0.13) |
0.21 (0.08) |
0.01 (0.76) |
| Total impulse (Ns) |
1578(182) |
1171(88) |
<0.01 (2.71) |
18.05 (3.21) |
15.93 (2.61) |
0.04 (0.71) |
| Endurance index (%) |
84.8 (11.1) |
85.3 (10.7) |
0.88 (0.04) |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
N = Newtons, s = seconds, SD = standard deviation
