Table 2. The knee valgus angles during landing on the drop vertical jump.
3D Human OpenPose
Male Ground contact 9.5 (5.4) 12.3 (5.3) 11.6 (3.9)
Lowest COG after landing 15.1 (16.2) 20.9 (17.8) 22.6 (14.8)
Excursion of the knee valgus angle 5.6 (13.1) 8.6 (16.7) 11.0 (14.9)
Female Ground contact* -0.2 (5.3) 2.0 (4.7) -0.6 (6.6)
Lowest COG after landing* -6.0 (8.8) -5.3 (9.8) -3.8 (9.3)
Excursion of the knee valgus angle* -5.8 (4.7) -7.4 (5.4) -3.2 (3.2)
Mean (SD), degree; An asterisk (*) indicates significant sex-based differences (P < 0.05). No significant difference
among 3D, Human, and OpenPose. No interaction effect between these factors. 3D: three-dimensional motion
analysis, Human: human visual detection-based motion analysis, OpenPose: OpenPose-based motion analysis,
COG: center of gravity, Negative values represent the knee valgus angle.