Table 2a. Turn performances [s] from 5 m before to 5 m and 10 m after wall contact of the eight male finalists (fastest) compared to the eight slowest male swimmers from the heats by a 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
|
Type of turn |
|
ANOVA |
| BU to BA turn |
BA to BR turn |
BR to FR turn |
F-value |
P-value |
pη2 |
| 100 m IM |
5 m in |
fastest |
2.38 ± 0.08 |
3.24 ± 0.17 BU/BA |
3.08 ± 0.11 BU/BA |
(a) |
F(1 | 42) = 4 |
0.04 |
0.10 |
| slowest |
2.64 ± 0.14 |
3.04 ± 0.26 BU/BA, BR/FR |
3.33 ± 0.23 BU/BA |
(b) |
F(2 | 42) = 75 |
< 0.001 |
0.78 |
|
(c) |
F(2 | 42) = 9 |
< 0.001 |
0.29 |
| 5 m out |
fastest |
2.48 ± 0.11 |
1.70 ± 0.10 * BU/BA, BR/FR |
2.51 ± 0.09 |
(a) |
F(1 | 42) = 77 |
< 0.001 |
0.65 |
| slowest |
2.75 ± 0.16 |
2.63 ± 0.39 |
2.79 ± 0.14 |
(b) |
F(2 | 42) = 30 |
< 0.001 |
0.59 |
|
(c) |
F(2 | 42) = 15 |
< 0.001 |
0.41 |
| 10 m out |
fastest |
4.97 ± 0.12 * |
4.70 ± 0.33 * |
5.09 ± 0.12 * |
(a) |
F(1 | 42) = 167 |
< 0.001 |
0.80 |
| slowest |
5.64 ± 0.25 |
6.25 ± 0.35 |
5.63 ± 0.21 |
(b) |
F(2 | 42) = 2 |
n.s. |
|
|
(c) |
F(2 | 42) = 20 |
< 0.001 |
0.49 |
| Total turn time |
fastest |
7.34 ± 0.14 * |
7.94 ± 0.42 * BU/BA |
8.17 ± 0.15 * BU/BA |
(a) |
F(1 | 42) = 160 |
< 0.001 |
0.79 |
| slowest |
8.28 ± 0.25 |
9.29 ± 0.27 BU/BA |
8.96 ± 0.35 BU/BA |
(b) |
F(2 | 42) = 41 |
< 0.001 |
0.66 |
|
(c) |
F(2 | 42) = 4 |
0.02 |
0.17 |
| 200 m IM |
5 m in |
fastest |
2.62 ± 0.14 |
2.93 ± 0.06 * BU/BA, BR/FR |
3.29 ± 0.05 * BU/BA |
(a) |
F(1 | 42) = 78 |
< 0.001 |
0.65 |
| slowest |
2.79 ± 0.12 |
3.23 ± 0.14 BU/BA, BR/FR |
3.72 ± 0.15 BU/BA |
(b) |
F(2 | 42) = 186 |
< 0.001 |
0.90 |
|
(c) |
F(2 | 42) = 5 |
0.02 |
0.18 |
| 5 m out |
fastest |
2.61 ± 0.11 * |
2.55 ± 0.14 * |
2.71 ± 0.12 |
(a) |
F(1 | 42) = 55 |
< 0.001 |
0.57 |
| slowest |
2.87 ± 0.15 |
2.98 ± 0.18 |
2.92 ± 0.10 |
(b) |
F(2 | 42) = 1 |
n.s. |
|
|
(c) |
F(2 | 42) = 3 |
n.s. |
|
| 10 m out |
fastest |
5.22 ± 0.16 * |
5.77 ± 0.40 * BU/BA |
5.52 ± 0.15 * |
(a) |
F(1 | 42) = 112 |
< 0.001 |
0.73 |
| slowest |
5.96 ± 0.22 |
6.76 ± 0.20 BU/BA, BR/FR |
5.93 ± 0.16 |
(b) |
F(2 | 42) = 38 |
< 0.001 |
0.64 |
|
(c) |
F(2 | 42) = 6 |
< 0.01 |
0.23 |
| Total turn time |
fastest |
7.84 ± 0.24 * |
8.70 ± 0.41 * BU/BA |
8.81 ± 0.17 * BU/BA |
(a) |
F(1 | 42) = 175 |
< 0.001 |
0.81 |
| slowest |
8.75 ± 0.30 |
9.99 ± 0.21 BU/BA |
9.65 ± 0.19 BU/BA |
(b) |
F(2 | 42) = 75 |
< 0.001 |
0.78 |
|
(c) |
F(2 | 42) = 3 |
n.s. |
|
| 400 m IM |
5 m in |
fastest |
2.94 ± 0.08 |
3.24 ± 0.23 BU/BA |
3.44 ± 0.12 * BU/BA |
(a) |
F(1 | 42) = 32 |
< 0.001 |
0.43 |
| slowest |
3.03 ± 0.1 |
3.39 ± 0.09 BU/BA, BR/FR |
3.90 ± 0.16 BU/BA |
(b) |
F(2 | 42) = 94 |
< 0.001 |
0.82 |
|
(c) |
F(2 | 42) = 8 |
< 0.01 |
0.27 |
| 5 m out |
fastest |
2.89 ± 0.15 |
2.76 ± 0.31 |
2.87 ± 0.13 |
(a) |
F(1 | 42) = 9 |
< 0.01 |
0.18 |
| slowest |
3.01 ± 0.18 |
3.01 ± 0.26 |
3.03 ± 0.12 |
(b) |
F(2 | 42) = 1 |
n.s. |
|
|
(c) |
F(2 | 42) = 0 |
n.s. |
|
| 10 m out |
fastest |
6.00 ± 0.23 |
6.32 ± 0.39 BR/FR |
5.80 ± 0.22 |
(a) |
F(1 | 42) = 17 |
< 0.001 |
0.29 |
| slowest |
6.25 ± 0.30 |
6.72 ± 0.16 BU/BA, BR/FR |
6.07 ± 0.21 |
(b) |
F(2 | 42) = 21 |
< 0.001 |
0.50 |
|
(c) |
F(2 | 42) = 0 |
n.s. |
|
| Total turn time |
fastest |
8.95 ± 0.22 |
9.56 ± 0.45 * BU/BA |
9.24 ± 0.21 * |
(a) |
F(1 | 42) = 40 |
< 0.001 |
0.49 |
| slowest |
9.29 ± 0.32 |
10.11 ± 0.17 BU/BA |
9.97 ± 0.31 BU/BA |
(b) |
F(2 | 42) = 25 |
< 0.001 |
0.54 |
|
(c) |
F(2 | 42) = 2 |
n.s. |
|
IM: Individual Medley, BU: Butterfly, BA: Backstroke, BR: Breaststroke, FR Freestyle, n.s.: not significant. (a) Main effect group: fastest vs. slowest swimmers (b) Main effect type of turn: BU to BA turn vs. BA to BR turn vs. BR to FR turn (c) Interaction effect: group x type of turn Post-hoc comparisons:* significant difference to slowest swimmers
BU/BA, BA/BR, BR/FR significant difference to particular type of turn.
