Table 3. The effect of creatine supplementation on power development in swimmers.

	Subjects	Supplementation Protocol	Test Protocol	Results
Burke et al. 1996	32 (18 Male; 14 Female) 17-25 yrs National level swimmers	5g Creatine monohydrate + 2g sucrose OR 5g polyglucose + 2g sucrose 4 x per day, 5 Days Randomised, double blinded	Cycle ergometer 2 x 10sec maximal effort sprints 10mins rest between sprints	No differences in work performed, peak power, or time to peak power between trials or between groups.
Grindstaff et al. 1997	18 (7 Male; 11 Female)~ 15 yrs Regionally / nationally competitive amateur swimmers	21g Creatine monohydrate + 4.2g maltodextrin OR 25.2g maltodextrin 9 Days Randomised, double blinded	Swim bench ergometer 3x20sec maximal effort sprints 60sec rest between sprints	Greater overall changes in work performed by the creatine group than the placebo group Significant improvements in work performed during sprint 1 only (7.8%) for the creatine group only. No differences in peak power output between trials or between groups.
Dawson et al. 2002	20 (10 Male; 10 Female) ~ 16 yrs Competitive swimmers	Acute loading period: 5g creatine monohydrate + 1g glucose polymer OR 6g glucose polymer 4 x per day, 5 days Maintenance period: 5g creatine monohydrate OR 5g glucose polymer 1 x per day, 22 days Randomised, single blinded	Swim bench ergometer 2x30sec maximal effort sprints 10mins rest between sprints	Significantly greater increases in total work performed in the creatine group (7.5%) compared to the placebo group (2.0%)