Table 3 Body weight, plasma and urinary parameters, and relative values of effort test, before (D0) and after (D30) supplementation of GE or placebo in elite sportsmen. Values are means (± SEM) of 20 determinations performed in duplicate on samples from different subjects; n = 20 elite sportsmen.
| |
Placebo n=20 |
Grape extract n=20 |
| |
D0 |
D30 |
D0 |
D30 |
| Weight (kg) |
84.4 (3.1) |
83.7 (2.9) |
84.8 (3.1) |
84.0 ( 3.1) |
| Biomarkers of antioxidant status and oxidative stress |
| ORAC (µmol·L-1) |
14 488 (380) |
14 242 (339) |
13 885 (360) |
14 966 (335) *# |
| FRAP (µmol·L-1 Fe2+) |
1 084 (43) |
994 (27) * |
1 071 (32) |
1 054 (32) # |
| LDLox (mU·mL-1) |
481 (98) |
473 (106) |
556 (119) |
576 (128) |
| SOD (U·g-1 Hb) |
2 368 (85) |
2 438 (77) |
2 523 (105) |
2 541 (92) |
| GPx (µmol·min-1·g -1 Hb) |
17.1 (1.0) |
15.1 (.9) * |
18.9 (1.1) |
17.4 (.9) # |
| Catalase (mol·min-1.g -1 Hb) |
.625 (.039) |
.560 (.051) |
.653 (.030) |
.673 (.057) |
| Vitamin E (µg·mL-1) |
12.49 (.36) |
12.50 (.46) |
12.79 (.49) |
13.15 (.41) # |
| Vit E/cholesterol ratio (µg·mg-1) |
6.74 (.20) |
6.97 (.20) |
6.99 (.21) |
7.24 (.25) # |
| Vit C (µmol·L-1) |
62.8 (4.9) |
57.6 (4.6) |
55.8 (3.2) |
54.5 (4.3) |
| Isoprostanes (ng·mg-1 creatinine) |
1.18 (.11) |
1.64 (.18) * |
1.24 (.12) |
1.26 (.13) # |
| Biomarker of skeletal muscle damage |
| Creatine phosphokinase (UI·L-1) |
529 (122) |
696 (177) |
605 (158) |
480 (81) |
| General plasmatic biomarkers |
| Triglycerides (g·L-1) |
.54 (.05) |
.58 (.06) |
.59 (.07) |
.68 (.10) |
| Cholesterol (g·L-1) |
1.87 (.05) |
1.81 (.05) |
1.84 (.06) |
1.85 (.05) |
| Ferritin (µg·L-1) |
76.9 (9.7) |
69.2 (9.3) * |
79.0 (10.9) |
69.8 (10.8) * |
| Urea (g·L-1) |
.287 (.012) |
.279 (.013) |
.301 (.013) |
.291 (.019) |
| Hemoglobin (g·dL-1) |
14.7 (.1) |
14.5 (.2) |
14.5 (.2) |
14.8 (.2) *# |
| Effort test |
| Performance (EnRJ45, %) |
-.47 (3.77) |
4.59 (5.99) |
| Explosive power (RJ110, %) |
-1.53 (1.92) |
.73 (2.65) |
| Fatigue (RJ5, %) |
1.64 (3.22) |
9.55 (5.34) |
* Significantly different from the pre-treatment (D0); p < 0.05 (paired t test). # Significantly different from the placebo post-treatment (D30); p < 0.05 (paired t test).
