Table 3. Means (± standard deviations) of iEMG of each muscle in each phase for both backstroke start variants.
| Variant |
Variable |
Phase |
Biceps Brachii |
Triceps Brachii |
Tibialis Anterior |
Gastrocnemius Medialis |
Rectus Femoris |
Biceps Femoris |
| Upper limbs horizontally positioned |
Active IEMG (%CIVM) |
Hands-off |
15.12 (6.76) |
12.37 (6.80) |
17.19 (5.92) |
12.38 (6.18) |
9.13 (3.78) |
17.43 (4.16) |
| Take-off |
15.17 (2.76) |
2.76 (.26) |
8.94 (5.79) |
14.47 (5.40) |
24.92 (8.88) |
19.89 (9.73) |
| Flight |
22.38 (4.25) |
3.51 (2.31) |
8.48 (4.00) |
11.35 (4.65) |
15.40 (6.62) |
18.06 (10.65) |
| Entry |
22.14 (6.74) |
7.59 (5.36) |
10.29 (4.56) |
11.84 (6.39) |
19.22 (9.95) |
10.40 (5.87) |
| Upper limbs vertically positioned |
Hands-off |
18.15 (9.54) |
12.02 (8.45) |
15.54 (7.70) |
15.20 (7.07) |
9.66 (4.77) |
19.45 (6.70) |
| Take-off |
14.24 (7.11) |
8.06 (4.30) |
12.94 (4.73) |
27.66 (9.84) |
16.94 (8.44) |
17.20 (10.65) |
| Flight |
25.90 (8.65) |
3.40 (1.93) |
6.65 (3.94) |
11.88 (5.24) |
14.20 (5.14) |
16.47 (8.41) |
| Entry |
24.59 (10.22) |
7.14 (3.41) |
11.68 (4.72) |
15.19 (8.94) |
18.81 (8.27) |
10.02 (6.22) |
