Table 3. Mean values of ground reaction force in separate turn phases with three different ski widths. Means and standard deviations (in parentheses) by groups of skis, ANOVA results and paired sample t-tests are presented.
| Turn phases |
GRF N (BW) n=6 |
GRF M (BW) n=6 |
GRF W (BW) n=6 |
ANOVA, F statistics |
p-sph‡ |
Paired sample t-tests§ |
| I¶ |
.54 (.08) |
.57 (.15) |
.54 (.15) |
.36 |
.731 |
NA |
| S1 |
1.48 (.07) |
1.5 (.03) |
1.47 (.06) |
2.06 |
.205 |
NA |
| S2 |
1.83 (.1) |
1.83 (.04) |
1.78 (.08) |
3.95 |
.044* |
|
| C |
.64 (.1) |
.61 (.09) |
.66(1) |
2.1 |
.136 |
NA |
GRF, ground reaction force; N, narrow skis; BW, body weight; M, medium skis; W, wide skis; n, number of subjects skiing on each skis; I, initiation phase; S1, steering phase 1; S2, steering phase 2; C, completion phase.*significant (p<0.05) difference,p-sph‡, p-sphericity adjusted (GG:Eps<0.75 HF:Eps>0.75)§ significance level of p<0.05. Significant difference between three pairs of skis is indicated by numeral: 1, narrow versus medium; 2, narrow versus wide; 3, medium versus wide; NA, not applicable when ANOVA p>0.05.¶ Box – Cox power transformation was performed
