Table 3. Correlations (Pearson or Point Biserial) and associations (odds ratio and 95% confidence interval) by country between stressors and symptoms related to common mental disorders among professional footballers in five European countries.
Distress Anxiety/depression Sleeping disturbance Alcohol behaviour Nutrition behaviour
Finland (n = 121)
LE<6 .07
1.3 (.8-1.9)
.25 *
1.6 (1.1-2.3)
.09
1.2 (.8-1.7)
.27 *
1.6 (1.0-2.3)
.21
1.5 (1.0-2.3)
LE>6 .22 *
1.4 (1.0-2.1)
-.13
.8 (.6-1.1)
-.03
1.0 (.7-1.3)
-.26 *
.6 (.4-1.0)
.10
1.2 (.9-1.6)
Career dissatisfaction -.17
.9 (.7-1.0)
-.35 **
.8 (.6-.9)
.01
1.0 (.9-1.2)
.03
1.0 (.8-1.2)
-.03
1.0 (.9-1.1)
France (n = 81)
LE<6 .43 **
1.7 (1.2-2.5)
.06
1.1 (.8-1.4)
.14
1.2 (.9-1.6)
-.02
1.2 (.7-2.0)
.03
1.1 (.8-1.4)
LE>6 -.17
.9 (.6-1.3)
.06
1.1 (.9-1.3)
.04
1.1 (0.9-1.3)
.37 **
1.5 (1.1-2.1)
.08
1.1 (.9-1.3)
Career dissatisfaction -.05
1.0 (.8-1.1)
-.09
1.0 (.9-1.1)
.07
1.0 (.9-1.2)
-.01
1.0 (.8-1.2)
-.33 **
.8 (.7-1.0)
Norway (n = 119)
LE<6 .15
1.4 (.8-2.3)
.10
1.2 (.8-1.7)
.04
1.0 (.7-1.6)
.01
1.0 (.5-2.1)
.09
1.1 (.7-1.8)
LE>6 .06
1.1 (.8-1.6)
-.09
.9 (.7-1.2)
.01
1.0 (.8-1.3)
.37 **
2.0 (1.3-3.2)
.14
1.3 (1.0-1.7)
Career dissatisfaction -.10
.9 (.8-1.1)
-.08
1.0 (.8-1.1)
-.12
.9 (.8-1.1)
-.02
.9 (.7-1.2)
-.18
.9 (.7-1.0)
Spain (N=70)
LE<6 -.07
1.0 (.6-1.6)
.10
1.0 (1.0-1.1)
.10
1.1 (.8-1.4)
.19
1.4 (1.0-2.0)
-.39**
.6 (.4-.8)
LE>6 .22
1.4 (1.0-2.0)
.10
1.0 (1.0-1.1)
-.02
1.1 (.8-1.4)
.04
1.2 (.8-1.7)
.03
.9 (.7-1.2)
Career dissatisfaction .00
1.0 (.8-1.3)
.08
1.0 (1.0-1.1)
.11
1.1 (.9-1.2)
-.04
1.0 (.8-1.2)
.11
1.1 (.9-1.3)
Sweden (N=149)
LE<6 .31 **
2.0 (1.3-3.2)
.18 *
1.4 (1.0-2.0)
.28 **
1.8 (1.2-2.7)
-.06
.7 (.3-1.7)
-.05
.9 (.6-1.3)
LE>6 .02
1.0 (.8-1.3)
-.03
1.0 (.8-1.2)
.03
1.0 (.8-1.3)
-.01
1.0 (.7-1.4)
-.11
.9 (.7-1.1)
Career dissatisfaction -.25 **
.8 (.7-1.0)
-.19 *
.9 (.8-1.0)
-.04
1.0 (.9-1.1)
-.07
.9 (.7-1.1)
-.03
1.0 (.9-1.1)
** p < 0.01; LE<6, life events in the previous six months; LE>6, life events longer than six months ago.* p < 0.05