Table 3. Average values during high-intensity intermittent treadmill runs velocity of running kinematics, spring-mass variables and psychophysiological responses before and after the intervention in LHTL and LHTLH groups. Data are means (±SD).
|
LHTL |
LHTLH |
ANOVA P value (η2) |
| Before |
After |
Before |
After |
Group |
Time |
Interaction |
| Running kinematics |
| Contact time (s) |
.179 (.010) |
.179 (.010) |
.172 (.011) |
.170 (.012) |
.127 (.12) |
.262 (.07) |
.225 (.08) |
| Aerial time (s) |
.145 (.013) |
.145 (.013) |
.148 (.017) |
.150 (.015) |
.499 (.03) |
.225 (.08) |
.387 (.04) |
| Step frequency (Hz) |
3.10 (.14) |
3.10 (.14) |
3.13 (.22) |
3.13 (.21) |
.667 (.01) |
.836 (.01) |
.912 (.01) |
| Step length (m) |
1.79 (.10) |
1.79 (.10) |
1.76 (.10) |
1.76 (.09) |
.508 (.03) |
.901 (.00) |
.769 (.00) |
| Dynamics and spring-mass characteristics |
| Mean loading rate (BW·s-1) |
90.7 (17.2) |
91.5 (16.1) |
89.3 (17.7) |
89.1 (13.8) |
.800 (.01) |
.865 (.00) |
.775 (.01) |
| Peak vertical forces (BW) |
2.93 (.18) |
2.90 (.16) |
3.05 (.18) |
3.04 (.21) |
.107 (.14) |
.479 (.03) |
.717 (.01) |
| CoM vertical displacement (m) |
.045 (.005) |
.045 (.005) |
.044 (.007) |
.043 (.006) |
.724 (.01) |
.292 (.06) |
.724 (.01) |
| Leg compression (m) |
.154 (.017) |
.154 (.019) |
.142 (.013) |
.138 (.013) |
.048 (.20) |
.358 (.05) |
.422 (.04) |
| Vertical stiffness (kN·m-1) |
50.8 (5.8) |
50.7 (4.1) |
53.2 (5.6) |
54.1 (5.7) |
.190 (.09) |
.737 (.01) |
.694 (.01) |
| Leg stiffness (kN·m-1) |
15.0 (1.7) |
14.7 (1.6) |
16.6 (3.1) |
17.0 (3.2) |
.084 (.16) |
.903 (.00) |
.251 (.07) |
| Psycho-physiological responses |
| Heart rate (beats·m-1) |
179(9) |
174(8) |
174(10) |
173(11) |
.515 (.02) |
.044 (.21) |
.162 (.11) |
| RPE (points) |
14.9 (1.6) |
14.3 (1.0) |
14.7 (1.2) |
14.3 (1.6) |
.840 (.00) |
.151 (.11) |
.918 (.00) |
BW: Body weight, CoM: Center of mass vertical displacement, RPE: Ratings of perceived exertion. Interval-training treadmill runs consisted of six 30-s runs at 115% of each individuals’ velocity associated with maximal oxygen uptake (20.0 ± 0.6 and 19.8 ± 0.7 km·h
-1 in LHTL and LHTLH groups with 30-s passive recovery on an instrumented treadmill.
