Table 3. Means (±standard deviation) for professional and non-professional players for measured variables and items.
Dimension and variable Professional
players (n = 20)		 Non-professional
players (n = 97)		 Total
(n = 117)
Age, biological maturation
chronological age (years)
relative age (month)
age at peak height velocity (years)		 13.53
4.80
13.81		 (0.38)
(3.89)
(0.54)		 13.54
5.07
14.05		 (0.30)
(3.39)
(0.60)		 13.54
5.03
14.01		 (0.31)
(3.47)
(0.95)
Anthropometry
height (cm)
weight (kg)		 161.1
48.3		 (7.1)
(6.0)		 160.0
47.5		 (8.4)
(8.0)		 160.2
47.6		 (8.1)
(7.7)
Coach assessment
in-game performance (points)		 79 (12) 60 (16) 63 (17)
General motor performance
YoYo (m)
counter-movement-jump (cm)
40 m-sprint (sec)
agility (sec)		 1032
29.0
6.41
8.12		 (406)
(2.8)
(0.34)
(0.25)		 1101
31.0
6.44
8.10		 (352)
(3.8)
(0.33)
(0.29)		 1089
30.6
6.43
8.11		 (361)
(3.7)
(0.33)
(0.28)
Technical skills
dribbling (sec)
passing (sec)
juggling (points)		 10.12
16.2
9.5		 (0.39)
(1.6)
(6.1)		 10.35
16.8
6.2		 (0.59)
(1.6)
(5.2)		 10.31
16.7
6.7		 (0.57)
(1.6)
(5.5)
Psychological characteristics
achievement motive (net-hope)
achievement goal orientations (score)
self-determination (index)		 1.91
4.70
10.25		 (0.88)
(0.23)
(2.36)		 1.79
4.49
8.91		 (0.88)
(0.39)
(2.85)		 1.81
4.53
9.14		 (0.87)
(0.38)
(2.81)
Familial support
importance of football within family (score)
parents’ priority of sport vs. school (score)
financial investment (Swiss Francs / year)
time investment (h / week)		 4.70
3.45
2625
12.3		 (0.47)
(1.15)
(2218)
(7.0)		 4.34
2.67
1723
9.1		 (0.68)
(0.97)
(1940)
(8.7)		 4.40
2.80
1877
9.7		 (0.66)
(1.04)
(2009)
(8.4)
Training history
practice and play up to 12 years of age (h)		 3311 (1039) 3160 (1017) 3187 (1017)