Table 3. Muscle forces of the PRE- and POST-tests (mean ± standard deviation) and percentage strength increases (∆%).
| Group |
Muscles |
PRE [N] |
POST [N] |
EMSPRE vs. CONPRE (t; p) # |
∆% POST- PRE [%] |
∆% EMS vs. ∆% CON (padj) ‡ |
Cohen’s d |
EMS
(n = 18) |
Trunk Flex |
540.56 ± 89.11 † |
717.22 ± 157.30 |
1.98; 0.07 |
33.72 ± 27.43 |
0.013 * |
1.28 |
| Trunk Ext |
715.56 ± 104.75 |
776.94 ± 109.48 |
1.63; 0.11 |
9.86 ± 16.42 |
0.288 |
- |
| Knee Flex |
619.81 ± 123.54 |
733.10 ± 124.05 |
1.15; 0.26 |
20.68 ± 21.55 |
0.020 * |
1.18 |
| Knee Ext |
996.37 ± 268.68 |
1270.14 ± 330.20 |
0.68; 0.50 |
31.43 ± 37.02 |
0.026 * |
0.98 |
| Hip Add |
1140.43 ± 181.78 |
1377.53 ± 208.67 |
1.31; 0.20 |
21.70 ± 12.86 |
0.001 * |
1.61 |
| Hip Abd |
1017.64 ± 157.81 |
1095.96 ± 150.98 |
0.73; 0.47 |
8.43 ± 10.74 |
0.365 |
- |
CON
(n = 12) |
Trunk Flex |
651.67 ± 179.84 |
655.83 ± 126.06 |
|
3.82 ± 18.64 |
|
|
| Trunk Ext |
776.25 ± 92.32 |
800.00 ± 109.30 |
|
3.11 ± 7.80 |
|
|
| Knee Flex |
668.11 ± 93.98 |
660.58 ± 127.10 |
|
-1.01 ± 14.52 |
|
|
| Knee Ext |
1069.93 ± 316.23 |
1096.91 ± 317.47 |
|
3.78 ± 14.53 |
|
|
| Hip Add |
1234.69 ± 198.28 |
1266.75 ± 232.93 |
|
-2.53 ± 17.47 |
|
|
| Hip Abd |
1071.19 ± 243.16 |
1082.97 ± 144.31 |
|
3.87 ± 16.45 |
|
|
EMS = WB-EMS training group, CON = control group.† significant difference to CON at p= 0.05. Flex = flexors, Ext = extensors, Add = adductors, Abd = abductors.‡ Bonferroni-Holm adjusted p-values of the multiple t-tests (∆% POST-PRE values of the EMS group tested versus the CON group).# comparison of raw data of EMS and CON group at time ‘PRE’ with t and p values.* mark significant results at p < 0.05.
