Table 3. Heart rate and arterial O
2 saturation following time trials and during recovery. Values are means (±SE).
|
IPC |
NMES |
AR |
| Heart rate and arterial O2 saturation values |
| HR (bpm) |
SpO2 (%) |
HR (bpm) |
SpO2 (%) |
HR (bpm) |
SpO2 (%) |
| TT1 |
175(3) |
96.8 (0.5) |
175(4) |
96.9 (0.5) |
176(3) |
96.5 (0.6) |
| R30 |
164(3) |
96.9 (0.5) b |
163(5) |
96.7 (0.5) |
165(5) |
96.4 (0.5) |
| R60 |
142(4) |
97.8 (0.5) |
142(5) |
97.6 (0.4) |
140(4) |
97.7 (0.5) |
| R90 |
124(4) |
98.1 (0.4) |
124(5) |
98.2 (0.4) |
126(4) |
97.9 (0.5) |
| R120 |
117(5) |
98.2 (0.4) b |
115(4) |
98.2 (0.4) |
119(5) |
97.9 (0.6) |
| TT2 |
171(4) |
97.8 (0.4) |
172(4) |
97.8 (0.4) |
171(3) |
97.6 (0.6) |
| R30 |
166(5) |
97.0 (0.5) |
167(4) |
97.4 (0.5) |
167(5) |
97.8 (0.5) |
| R60 |
144(5) |
98.0 (0.5) |
143(3) |
98.6 (0.4) |
147(4) |
98.3 (0.4) |
| R90 |
125(5) |
98.2 (0.5) |
125(4) |
98.3 (0.4) |
127(5) |
98.0 (0.4) |
| R120 |
118(6) |
98.4 (0.4) |
111(7) |
98.4 (0.4) |
118(6) |
98.4 (0.4) |
| % difference within conditions (TT2 compared to TT1) |
| ΔTT |
-2.7% * |
1.0% ** |
-1.7% * |
0.9% * |
-3.0% * |
1.1% ** |
| ΔR30 |
0.8% |
0.1% ab |
2.6% * |
0.8% ** |
1.1% |
1.2% ** |
| ΔR60 |
1.3% b |
0.2% a |
1.3% |
1.0% ** |
4.6% * |
0.5% * |
| ΔR90 |
0.5% |
0.1% |
0.9% |
0.1% |
0.8% |
0.3% |
| ΔR120 |
0.4% |
0.2% a |
-4.4% |
0.2% |
0.6% |
0.6% * |
Within-condition clear differences for changes (∆: TT2 compared to TT1) are denoted as small (*), moderate (**), or large (***). Between-condition clear differences for the first TT and recovery period and for changes are denoted for IPC vs. NMES (a) or IPC vs. AR (b). For small (0.20-0.49), moderate (0.50-0.79) or large (≥0.80) effects, symbols are presented in italics, bold, or underlined, respectively. Abbreviations: AR, active recovery; bpm, beat per minute; ES, effect size; HR, heart rate; IPC, ischemic preconditioning; NMES, neuromuscular electrical stimulation; R(30, 60, 90, 120), values after 30, 60, 90 or 120 sec of recovery; S
pO
2, arterial O
2 saturation; TT, time trial.
