Table 3. The effect of the twelve-week intervention on psychological parameters Outcome
|
MetS (n=33) |
non-MetS (n=41) |
p-Value* |
GDS |
Before |
5.39 ±1.78 |
4.26 ±2.08 |
0.04 |
After |
3.38 ±1.30 |
3.40 ±1.12 |
NS |
Change |
2.01 |
0.86 |
|
Cohen’s d |
1.31 |
0.54 |
|
p-Value |
0.008 |
NS |
|
Stress level |
Before |
5.03 ±2.21 |
4.36 ±1.82 |
0.02 |
After |
3.84 ±1.60 |
4.07 ±1.69 |
NS |
Change |
1.19 |
0.29 |
|
Cohen’s d |
0.62 |
0.17 |
|
p-Value |
< 0.001 |
NS |
|
Emotional Tension |
Before |
4.90 ±1.92 |
4.34 ±1.79 |
0.03 |
After |
3.84 ±1.58 |
4.12 ±1.36 |
NS |
Change |
1.06 |
0.22 |
|
Cohen’s d |
0.61 |
0.14 |
|
p-Value |
0.002 |
NS |
|
External Stress |
Before |
4.33 ±2.02 |
3.63 ±1.68 |
0.03 |
After |
3.27 ±1.71 |
3.52 ±1.52 |
NS |
Change |
1.06 |
0.11 |
|
Cohen’s d |
0.57 |
0.07 |
|
p-Value |
0.002 |
NS |
|
Intrapsychic stress |
Before |
5.06 ±2.17 |
4.34 ±1.87 |
NS |
After |
3.78 ±1.57 |
4.04 ±1.78 |
NS |
Change |
1.28 |
0.30 |
|
Cohen’s d |
0.68 |
0.16 |
|
p-Value |
< 0.001 |
NS |
|
*between group; GDS-Geriatric Depression Scale; NS-non significant