Table 3. Mean (SD) for trunk muscles directed co-contraction ratios for males vs. females and 30° vs. 60° cutting angles.
|
Males |
Females |
|
Sex effect |
Angle effect |
Sex × Angle |
| 30° |
60° |
30° |
60° |
|
p |
η2p |
p |
η2p |
p |
η2p |
| Trunk flexors PRE |
0.40 (0.38) |
0.32 (0.25) |
0.56 (0.21) |
0.41 (0.27) |
† |
0.26 |
0.06 |
<0.01 |
0.27 |
0.39 |
0.04 |
| Trunk flexors WA |
0.25 (0.33) |
0.28 (0.25) |
0.19 (0.27) |
0.20 (0.31) |
|
0.51 |
0.02 |
0.65 |
0.01 |
0.78 |
<0.01 |
| Trunk medial flexors PRE |
0.00 (0.43) |
0.36 (0.39) |
0.05 (0.40) |
0.29 (0.34) |
† |
0.92 |
<0.01 |
<0.001 |
0.49 |
0.42 |
0.03 |
| Trunk medial flexors WA |
0.56 (0.21) |
0.49 (0.26) |
0.33 (0.34) |
0.44 (0.29) |
‡ |
0.21 |
0.07 |
0.64 |
0.01 |
0.04 |
0.18 |
| Trunk left rotators PRE |
-0.03 (0.46) |
-0.38 (0.41) |
-0.05 (0.44) |
-0.32 (0.42) |
† |
0.88 |
<0.01 |
<0.001 |
0.46 |
0.54 |
0.02 |
| Trunk left rotators WA |
-0.47 (0.25) |
-0.46 (0.31) |
-0.25 (0.51) |
-0.45 (0.34) |
|
0.43 |
0.03 |
0.07 |
0.15 |
0.06 |
0.16 |
PRE and WA represent the pre-activation and weight acceptance phases, respectively. Main and interaction effects are reported using p values (p) and effect size (a²p).† expresses a significant difference between 30° and 60° (main effect of cutting angle).‡ expresses a significant sex t cutting angle interaction. No main effect of sex was reported
