Table 3. Comparison between groups from baseline to post-intervention (6 weeks). The data are mean ± standard deviation.
Outcome |
Baseline |
6-Weeks
Baseline |
P-value* |
η2 |
Post
hoc† |
SG
(n = 17) |
BG
(n = 17) |
CG
(n = 17) |
SG
(n = 17) |
BG
(n = 17) |
CG
(n = 17) |
TSK |
43.3 ± 3.5 |
43.7 ± 3.7 |
42.5 ± 5.1 |
39.9 ± 4.0 |
36.8 ± 3.0 |
40.0 ± 4.5 |
0.006 |
0.125 |
b>a, c |
CAIT |
20.2 ± 4.1 |
21.3 ± 3.7 |
22.2 ± 2.8 |
25.3 ± 4.1 |
25.5 ± 2.2 |
22.8 ± 3.3 |
0.005 |
0.133 |
a, b>c |
Ankle
strength |
PF |
308.8 ± 86.9 |
295.6 ± 70.6 |
292.2 ± 75.0c |
370.8 ± 81.3 |
335.8 ± 51.5 |
308.6 ± 58.5 |
0.095 |
0.140 |
|
DF |
195.2 ± 34.8 |
210.7 ± 62.1 |
192.7 ± 37.7 |
251.8 ± 39.5 |
247.3 ± 27.7 |
212.0 ± 38.8 |
0.025 |
0.208 |
a, b>c |
EV |
105.2 ± 20.3 |
102.3 ± 26.0 |
88.6 ± 21.3 |
122.6 ± 30.0 |
120.4 ± 28.5 |
110.7 ± 37.2 |
0.887 |
0.027 |
|
IV |
127.7 ± 30.1 |
140.2 ± 30.3 |
131.9 ± 45.8 |
190.6 ± 35.5 |
195.7 ± 34.2 |
150 ± 48.1 |
<0.001 |
0.219 |
a, b>c |
SEBT |
93.4 ± 6.3 |
98.3 ± 6.0 |
96.5 ± 10.0 |
104.2 ± 4.3 |
102.6 ± 6.2 |
100.3 ± 6.4 |
0.005 |
0.080 |
|
Static
balance |
Ellipse |
2215 ± 580.6 |
1948.2 ± 7025 |
2109.9 ± 669 |
1833.2 ± 4689 |
1377.8 ± 429.5 |
2201.7± 647.9 |
0.039 |
0.305 |
b>a>c |
Displacement |
891.5 ± 150.5 |
913 ± 196.1 |
984.1 ± 163.4 |
776.2 ± 160.6 |
745.3 ± 182.1 |
947.3 ± 168.6 |
0.041 |
0.224 |
a, b>c |
Velocity |
88.6 ± 14.9 |
90.7 ± 19.5 |
97.7 ± 16.4 |
77.1 ± 16.0 |
74 ± 18.1 |
85.3 ± 21.1 |
0.634 |
0.066 |
|
Performance |
Figure-8 |
9.8 ± 0.9 |
9.7 ± 0.4 |
9.6 ± 0.6 |
8.8 ± 0.8 |
8.9 ± 0.5 |
9.4 ± 0.5 |
<0.001 |
0.184 |
a, b>c |
Side
hop |
6.9 ± 1.0 |
7.2 ± 0.7 |
7.2 ± 0.6 |
5.6 ± 0.6 |
6 ± 0.5 |
7.4 ± 0.6 |
<0.001 |
0.644 |
a, b>c |
BG, balance group; CAIT, Cumberland ankle instability tool; CG, control group; DF, dorsiflexion; EV, eversion; IV, inversion; PF, plantar flexion; SEBT, star excursion balance test; SG, strength group; TSK, Tempa scale of kinesiophobia; a, SG; b, BG; c, CG; the level of statistical significance is indicated in bold.* Interaction effect (group × time) through two-way repeated measures analysis of variance.† Post hoc Duncan’s test.