Table 3. Descriptive statistics for the main variables in the pre- and post-tests for all the conditions.
| Variable |
Condition |
Pre
(Mean ± SD)
CI 95% [Lower - Upper] |
Post
(Mean ± SD)
CI 95% [Lower – Upper] |
| Maximum
ROM |
CONTROL |
61.8 ±
9.09 [57.1-66.6] |
61.2 ±
9.09 [56.4-65.9] |
| FR |
60.9
± 9.24 [56.0-65.7] |
60.1
± 9.24 [55.2-64.9] |
| MB |
62.6 ±
9.09 [57.8-67.3] |
61.7 ±
9.09 [56.9-66.4] |
| MBV |
62.1
± 9.13 [57.3-66.8] |
61.6
± 9.13 [56.9-66.4] |
| Mean
ROM |
CONTROL |
58.2 ±
9.47 [53.2-63.1] |
58.4 ±
9.47 [53.5-63.4] |
| FR |
57.6
± 9.73 [52.5-62.7] |
57.2
± 9.73 [52.1-62.3] |
| MB |
58.9 ±
9.58 [53.9-63.9] |
58.7 ±
9.58 [53.7-63.7] |
| MBV |
58.7
± 9.65 [53.7-63.8] |
58.1
± 9.65 [53.0-63.2] |
| 1st
Fastest Repetition |
CONTROL |
1.07 ±
0.14 [0.999-1.14] |
1.08 ±
0.14 [1.007-1.15] |
| FR |
1.05
± 0.14 [0.977-1.13] |
1.05
± 0.14 [0.979-1.13] |
| MB |
1.05 ±
0.14 [0.979-1.13] |
1.05 ±
0.14 [0.975-1.12] |
| MBV |
1.06
± 0.14 [0.987-1.13] |
1.04
± 0.14 [0.97-1.12] |
| 2nd
Fastest Repetition |
CONTROL |
1.03 ±
0.14 [0.962-1.11] |
1.05 ±
0.14 [0.977-1.12] |
| FR |
1.04
± 0.14 [0.964-1.11] |
1.02
± 0.14 [0.947-1.09] |
| MB |
1.03 ±
0.14 [0.958-1.10] |
1.02 ±
0.14 [0.948-1.09] |
| MBV |
1.04
± 0.14 [0.968-1.11] |
1.02
± 0.14 [0.948-1.09] |
| 3rd
Fastest Repetition |
CONTROL |
1.02 ±
0.14 [0.946-1.09] |
1.03 ±
0.14 [0.958-1.10] |
| FR |
1.02
± 0.14 [0.943-1.09] |
1.00
± 0.14 [0.931-1.08] |
| MB |
1.01 ±
0.14 [0.937-1.08] |
1.01 ±
0.14 [0.932-1.08] |
| MBV |
1.02
± 0.14 [0.952-1.10] |
1.00
± 0.14 [0.932-1.08] |
| Mean
Speed |
CONTROL |
1.04 ±
0.14 [0.97-1.11] |
1.05 ±
0.14 [0.982-1.13] |
| FR |
1.03
± 0.14 [0.962-1.11] |
1.03
± 0.14 [0.953-1.10] |
| MB |
1.03 ±
0.14 [0.959-1.10] |
1.03 ±
0.14 [0.953-1.10] |
| MBV |
1.04
± 0.14 [0.97-1.11] |
1.02
± 0.14 [0.951-1.10] |
| 1st
Fastest EMG RMS Quads |
CONTROL |
1.30 ±
0.64 [0.963-1.64] |
1.28 ±
0.64 [0.944-1.62] |
| FR |
1.35
± 0.65 [1.014-1.69] |
1.29
± 0.65 [0.951-1.63] |
| MB |
1.30 ±
0.65 [0.956-1.64] |
1.23 ±
0.65 [0.884-1.57] |
| MBV |
1.19
± 0.66 [0.845-1.54] |
1.23
± 0.67 [0.878-1.57] |
| 1st
Fastest EMG RMS Hams |
CONTROL |
10.2 ±
0.24 [10.1-10.4] |
10.2 ±
0.24 [10.0-10.3] |
| FR |
10.2
± 0.24 [10.0-10.3] |
10.2
± 0.24 [10.0-10.3] |
| MB |
10.1 ±
0.24 [10.0-10.3] |
10.2 ±
0.24 [10.0-10.3] |
| MBV |
10.2
± 0.24 [10.1-10.3] |
10.3
± 0.24 [10.1-10.4] |
| 2nd
Fastest EMG RMS Quads |
CONTROL |
1.38 ±
0.75 [0.991-1.78] |
1.36 ±
0.75 [0.962-1.75] |
| FR |
1.38
± 0.74 [0.994-1.77] |
1.37
± 0.74 [0.983-1.76] |
| MB |
1.34 ±
0.74 [0.954-1.73] |
1.31 ±
0.74 [0.924-1.70] |
| MBV |
1.26
± 0.75 [0.869-1.66] |
1.27
± 0.76 [0.875-1.66] |
| 2nd
Fastest EMG RMS Hams |
CONTROL |
253 ± 0.16
[0.171-335] |
247 ± 0.16
[0.165-330] |
| FR |
220
± 0.16 [0.137-303] |
222
± 0.16 [0.139-306] |
| MB |
203 ± 0.17
[0.116-290] |
203 ± 0.17
[0.117-290] |
| MBV |
274
± 0.15 [0.193-354] |
266
± 0.15 [0.186-346] |
| 3rd
Fastest EMG RMS Quads |
CONTROL |
1.34 ±
0.69 [0.978-1.70] |
1.31 ±
0.69 [0.95-1.68] |
| FR |
1.31
± 0.71 [0.94-1.68] |
1.29
± 0.71 [0.925-1.66] |
| MB |
1.37 ±
0.69 [1.009-1.73] |
1.35 ±
0.69 [0.988-1.71] |
| MBV |
1.26
± 0.70 [0.899-1.63] |
1.31
± 0.70 [0.945-1.67] |
| 3rd
Fastest EMG RMS Hams |
CONTROL |
10.2 ±
0.25 [10.1-10.4] |
10.2 ±
0.25 [10.1-10.3] |
| FR |
10.2
± 0.25 [10.1-10.3] |
10.2
± 0.25 [10.0-10.3] |
| MB |
10.2 ±
0.25 [10.0-10.3] |
10.2 ±
0.25 [10.0-10.3] |
| MBV |
10.2
± 0.25 [10.1-10.3] |
10.3
± 0.25 [10.1-10.4] |
FR = foam roller; MB = massage ball; MBV = massage ball with vibration; SD = standard deviation; CI = confidence interval, quadriceps = Quads, hamstrings = Hams., ROM = range of motion via hip vertical displacement
