Table 3a. Free-swimming parameters of the eight male finalists (fastest) compared to the eight slowest male swimmers from the heats by a 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
|
BU |
BA |
Swimming stroke |
|
ANOVA |
| BR |
FR |
F-value |
P-value |
pη2 |
| 100 m IM |
Swim velocity [m/s] |
fastest |
1.90 ± 0.07 * BA, BR |
2.08 ± 0.08 * BR, FR |
1.31 ± 0.04 FR |
1.87 ± 0.08 * |
(a) |
F(1 | 56) = 80 |
< 0.001 |
0.59 |
| slowest |
1.76 ± 0.09 BA, BR |
1.64 ± 0.09 BR |
1.39 ± 0.06 FR |
1.72 ± 0.05 |
(b) |
F(3 | 56) = 171 |
< 0.001 |
0.90 |
|
(c) |
F(3 | 56) = 35 |
< 0.001 |
0.65 |
| Stroke rate [bpm] |
fastest |
59.6 ± 1.6 BA, BR, FR |
50.3 ± 2.4 |
49.7 ± 6.1 |
50.8 ± 2.7 |
(a) |
F(1 | 56) = 1 |
n.s. |
|
| slowest |
58.6 ± 2.6 BA, BR, FR |
46.3 ± 3.4 |
50.8 ± 7.5 |
50.3 ± 3.1 |
(b) |
F(3 | 56) = 22 |
< 0.001 |
0.54 |
|
(c) |
F(3 | 56) = 1 |
n.s. |
|
| DPS [m/stroke] |
fastest |
2.02 ± 0.04 |
2.17 ± 0.16 BR |
1.89 ± 0.22 FR |
2.28 ± 0.09 |
(a) |
F(1 | 56) = 9 |
< 0.01 |
0.14 |
| slowest |
1.87 ± 0.07 |
2.12 ± 0.19 BR |
1.75 ± 0.28 FR |
2.13 ± 0.15 |
(b) |
F(3 | 56) = 18 |
< 0.001 |
0.49 |
|
(c) |
F(3 | 56) = 0 |
n.s. |
|
| 200 m IM |
Swim velocity [m/s] |
fastest |
1.81 ± 0.04 * BA, BR, FR |
1.63 ± 0.05 * BR, FR |
1.38 ± 0.02 * FR |
1.73 ± 0.03 * |
(a) |
F(1 | 56) = 95 |
< 0.001 |
0.63 |
| slowest |
1.70 ± 0.06 BA, BR |
1.48 ± 0.05 BR, FR |
1.30 ± 0.04 FR |
1.62 ± 0.05 |
(b) |
F(3 | 56) = 249 |
< 0.001 |
0.93 |
|
(c) |
F(3 | 56) = 2 |
n.s. |
|
| Stroke rate [bpm] |
fastest |
50.6 ± 5.2 BA, BR, FR |
43.2 ± 2.4 |
39.8 ± 2.6 |
44.8 ± 2.1 |
(a) |
F(1 | 56) = 0 |
n.s. |
|
| slowest |
53.1 ± 2.6 BA, BR, FR |
40.3 ± 2.2 |
41.4 ± 5.9 |
43.7 ± 2.8 |
(b) |
F(3 | 56) = 34 |
< 0.001 |
0.64 |
|
(c) |
F(3 | 56) = 2 |
n.s. |
|
| DPS [m/stroke] |
fastest |
2.13 ± 0.05 |
2.23 ± 0.11 |
2.19 ± 0.13 * |
2.28 ± 0.12 |
(a) |
F(1 | 56) = 18 |
< 0.001 |
0.24 |
| slowest |
2.00 ± 0.08 |
2.20 ± 0.11 BR |
1.93 ± 0.23 FR |
2.17 ± 0.09 |
(b) |
F(3 | 56) = 9 |
< 0.001 |
0.32 |
|
(c) |
F(3 | 56) = 2 |
n.s. |
|
| 400 m IM |
Swim velocity [m/s] |
fastest |
1.63 ± 0.02 BA, BR |
1.47 ± 0.06 BR, FR |
1.34 ± 0.03 * FR |
1.66 ± 0.04 * |
(a) |
F(1 | 56) = 50 |
< 0.001 |
0.47 |
| slowest |
1.61 ± 0.04 BA, BR, FR |
1.42 ± 0.04 BR, FR |
1.24 ± 0.04 FR |
1.54 ± 0.04 |
(b) |
F(3 | 56) = 226 |
< 0.001 |
0.92 |
|
(c) |
F(3 | 56) = 5 |
< 0.01 |
0.22 |
| Stroke rate [bpm] |
fastest |
48.6 ± 2.1 BA, BR, FR |
36.9 ± 3.8 FR |
34.4 ± 2.2 FR |
41.7 ± 2.6 |
(a) |
F(1 | 56) = 0 |
n.s. |
|
| slowest |
49.6 ± 2.5 BA, BR, FR |
37.3 ± 1.1 |
34.5 ± 2.7 FR |
39.8 ± 2.4 |
(b) |
F(3 | 56) = 104 |
< 0.001 |
0.85 |
|
(c) |
F(3 | 56) = 1 |
n.s. |
|
| DPS [m/stroke] |
fastest |
2.08 ± 0.08 BA, BR, FR |
2.36 ± 0.19 |
2.43 ± 0.15 |
2.35 ± 0.15 |
(a) |
F(1 | 56) = 17 |
< 0.001 |
0.24 |
| slowest |
2.02 ± 0.08 FR |
2.23 ± 0.05 |
2.22 ± 0.13 |
2.23 ± 0.11 |
(b) |
F(3 | 56) = 17 |
< 0.001 |
0.47 |
|
(c) |
F(3 | 56) = 1 |
n.s. |
|
IM: Individual Medley, BU: Butterfly, BA: Backstroke, BR: Breaststroke, FR: Freestyle, DPS: distance per stroke, n.s.: not significant. (a) Main effect group: fastest vs. slowest swimmers (b) Main effect swimming stroke: BU vs. BA vs. BR vs. FR (c) Interaction effect: group x swimming stroke Post-hoc comparisons:* significant difference to slowest swimmers
BU, BA, BR, FR significant difference to particular swimming stroke
