Table 4. Evidence for motor unit synchronisation.
Author Participants Vibration
Method (type)
Exercise
Type
Frequency
(Hz)
Amplitude
(mm)
Duration Results
Bosco et al., 1999a 12 ♂ national boxers DB Elbow Flexion 260 6
0
5 x 60 s
5 x 60 s
During vibration %EMGrms significantly increased and elbow flexion power was significantly enhanced (14%) compared to no vibration.
Bosco et al., 1999b 6 AT♀ SV
Control
SS SS 260 10
0
10 x 60s
10 x 60s
Leg press velocity-force and power-force relationship shifted to the right after vibration
Bosco et al., 2000 14 RA SV Standing, SS, lunge 26 10 5 x 90 s,
10 days
Vibration increased leg press power (160% of body mass) by 7% and EMG/Power ratio significantly decreased
Delecluse et al., 2003 18 UT ♀
19 UT ♀
18 UT ♀
VV
Placebo
Resistance
DS, SS, lunge
DS, SS, lunge
Cardio +knee
& leg extensor strength
35-40
Low
Cardio (20mins)
20RM (2wks),
15RM (3wks),
12RM (3wks),
10RM (4wks)
2.5-5
Low
1-3 x 2-6 x30-60 s
(3x/wk,
12 wks)
There was a significant increase in isometric and dynamic knee extensor strength for vibration and resistance groups but there was no significant difference between the two groups. Vibration increased EMG activity in rectus femoris and medial gastrocnemius compared to placebo group.
19 UT ♀ Control No training NA NA
Martin and Park, 1997 10 H Direct vibration Isometric
hand grip
40, 80, 100, 120, 150, 200 at 0,
10 or 20% MVC
0.2-0.3 60 s Vibration frequency of greater than 150 Hz induced less motor unit synchronisation. When vibration increases subharmonic synchronisation increases but harmonic synchronisation decreases.
= Recreationally active; = Healthy; = Athletes; = Untrained = Dumbbell; = Side alternating vibration; = Vertical vibration; = Dynamic squat; = Static squat; = Maximal voluntary contraction; = Not applicable; = Repetition maximum