Table 4. Cardiorespiratory and metabolic parameters for the pooled data during alpine skiing (AS), cross-country skiing (XCS) and indoor cycling (IC) for male (n=12) vs. female (n=7), young (n=10) vs. old (n=9), and fit (n=10) vs. unfit (n=9). Data are means (±SE).
|
Gender |
Age |
Fitness Level |
ANOVA (p-value) |
Male |
Female |
Young |
Old |
Fit |
Unfit |
Gender |
Age |
Fitness |
HRpeak (bpm) |
145(3) |
155(4) |
156(3) |
139(3) |
149(3) |
149(3) |
p=.042 |
p=.002 |
NS |
Rel. HRpeak (% HRmax) |
84(1) |
88(1) |
85(1) |
87(1) |
83(1) |
87(1) |
p=.023 |
NS |
p=.021 |
Blood lactate (mmol·L-1) |
4.2 (.3) |
3.1 (.5) |
3.7 (.4) |
3.7 (.4) |
3.2 (.4) |
4.1 (.4) |
NS |
NS |
NS |
Rel. lactate (% peak lactate) |
45(4) |
42(6) |
38(5) |
51(5) |
32(5) |
52(5) |
NS |
NS |
p=.015 |
RERmean |
1.00 (.02) |
.99 (.02) |
.97 (.02) |
1.02 (.02) |
.97 (.02) |
1.03 (.02) |
NS |
NS |
NS |
VO2peak (ml·kg-1·min-1) |
34.3 (1.1) |
25.9 (1.3) |
34.3 (1.1) |
28.7 (1.2) |
36.0 (1.3) |
27.0 (1.0) |
p=.001 |
p=.009 |
p<.001 |
VO2steadystate (ml·kg-1·min-1) |
29.8 (.9) |
22.4 (1.1) |
29.8 (.9) |
22.4 (1.1) |
29.8 (.9) |
22.4 (1.1) |
p<.001 |
p<.001 |
p<.001 |
Rel. VO2peak %VO2max |
80(4) |
86(5) |
85(4) |
79(4) |
79(5) |
84(4) |
NS |
NS |
NS |
EEsteady state (kcal·h-1) |
758(30) |
477(39) |
717(32) |
611(35) |
695(38) |
634(29) |
p<.001 |
NS |
NS |
EE4 min (kcal) |
51.5 (2.2) |
35.1 (3.3) |
44.8 (2.0) |
38.2 (2.1) |
43.4 (2.3) |
39.5 (1.8) |
p=.002 |
p=.049 |
NS |
RPEwhole-body |
12.9 (.3) |
11.9 (.5) |
12.2 (.4) |
12.8 (.4) |
13.0 (.4) |
12.1 (.4) |
NS |
NS |
NS |
RPEarms |
10.5 (.5) |
9.4 (.7) |
9.5 (.6) |
10.8 (.6) |
10.4 (.6) |
9.8 (.6) |
NS |
NS |
NS |
RPElegs |
13.5 (.3) |
12.5 (.4) |
13.0 (.4) |
13.2 (.3) |
13.8 (.3) |
12.5 (.4) |
NS |
NS |
p=.022 |
HR, heart rate; RER, respiratory exchange ratio; VO
2, oxygen uptake; EE, energy expenditure; EE
steady_state, estimated energy expenditure over one hour based on the EE during the last minute of each intensity stage; EE
4min, exact energy expenditure during each of the 4-min stages; NS, not significant.