Table 4. Mean±SD and 95% confidence intervals for balance variables in the study for three groups.
| Variable |
Phase |
Group |
Pre-test |
Post-test |
95% confidence levels |
| Lower |
Upper |
| Medio-lateral CoP range (cm) |
P1 |
PG |
3.40±1.32 |
2.70±0.89 |
0.11 |
1.30 |
| SG |
2.92±0.89 |
2.82±0.87 |
-0.50 |
0.69 |
| CG |
2.91±0.97 |
2.72±0.88 |
-0.40 |
0.79 |
| P2 |
PG |
2.32±0.29 |
2.13±0.46 |
-0.17 |
0.54 |
| SG |
2.25±0.30 |
2.26±0.40 |
-0.37 |
0.35 |
| CG |
2.44±0.62 |
2.53±0.62 |
-0.45 |
0.27 |
| Antero-posterior CoP range (cm) |
P1 |
PG |
4.14±1.05 |
2.58±0.49* |
0.41 |
2.73 |
| SG |
3.87±0.82 |
3.22±0.66 |
-0.50 |
1.81 |
| CG |
4.10±2.19 |
3.90±1.86 |
-0.96 |
1.36 |
| P2 |
PG |
4.90±0.79 |
2.97±0.35* |
0.66 |
3.19 |
| SG |
4.74±0.87 |
3.30±0.97* |
0.18 |
2.71 |
| CG |
4.73±1.09 |
5.27±1.93ab |
-1.81 |
0.72 |
| Medio-lateral CoP mean velocity (cm/s) |
P1 |
PG |
6.04±2.12 |
4.79±1.59 |
0.10 |
2.40 |
| SG |
5.76±1.60 |
4.99±0.83 |
-0.37 |
1.92 |
| CG |
5.68±1.80 |
5.38±1.62 |
-0.85 |
1.45 |
| P2 |
PG |
1.51±0.26 |
1.37±0.25 |
-0.05 |
0.34 |
| SG |
1.42±0.15 |
1.36±0.15 |
-0.13 |
0.26 |
| CG |
1.42±0.20 |
1.55±0.40 |
-0.33 |
0.07 |
| Antero-posterior CoP mean velocity (cm/s) |
P1 |
PG |
7.60±2.37 |
4.84±1.28* |
0.82 |
4.71 |
| SG |
7.71±1.63 |
5.92±1.42 |
-0.15 |
3.74 |
| CG |
7.33±2.73 |
7.03±2.53 |
-1.65 |
2.24 |
| P2 |
PG |
2.54±0.42 |
1.59±0.28* |
0.28 |
1.60 |
| SG |
2.57±0.38 |
1.69±0.32* |
0.21 |
1.53 |
| CG |
2.24±0.32 |
2.60±1.26a |
-1.03 |
0.29 |
| Vertical ground reaction torque (Nm) |
P1 |
PG |
8.60±2.87 |
4.87±2.31* |
1.69 |
5.76 |
| SG |
5.69±2.20 |
4.35±1.18 |
-0.70 |
3.37 |
| CG |
8.05±3.41 |
6.08±2.61 |
-0.06 |
4.01 |
| P2 |
PG |
11.65±4.51 |
8.22±3.33* |
0.87 |
5.99 |
| SG |
12.39±2.16 |
8.13±2.60* |
1.69 |
6.82 |
| CG |
10.35±4.13 |
10.03±3.61 |
-2.25 |
2.88 |
* Indicates statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference between pre-test and post-test at the same group.
c Indicates statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference between PG and SG at the same test. p < .05.
b Indicates statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference between SG and CG at the same test.
a Indicates statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference between PG and CG at the same test.
