Table 4. Physiological, metabolic, respiratory, and performance data collected during the 5 km time trials (N = 7). Values are Mean ± SD.

	LCHF Running Trials					HCLF Running Trials					P Value
	Day 4	Day 14	Day 28	Day 42	Mean	Day 4	Day 14	Day 28	Day 42	Mean	COND	Time	Interaction
Mean VO2 (L/min)	3.5 ±0.5	3.6 ±0.6	3.7 ±0.5	3.7 ±0.8	3.6 ±0.6	3.6 ±0.5	3.6 ±0.5	3.6 ±0.5	3.4 ±0.7	3.5 ±0.5	0.041	0.842	0.207
Mean VCO2 (L/min)	3.1 ±0.5	3.2 ±0.6	3.2 ±0.5	3.3 ±0.8	3.2 ±0.6	3.5 ±0.5	3.5 ±0.6	3.5 ±0.6	3.3 ±0.8	3.4 ±0.6	0.001	0.840	0.340
RER	0.89 ±0.04	0.87 ±0.05	0.87 ±0.05	0.86 ±0.05	0.87 ±0.04	0.97 ±0.04	0.97 ±0.04	0.98 ±0.03	0.96 ±0.05	0.97 ±0.03	0.001	0.280	0.578
Mean VO2 (ml/kg/min)	51.3 ±7.2	52.6 ±8.0	54.1 ±6.7	55.2 ±11.1	53.3 ±7.8	52.0 ±7.4	52.7 ±7.1	51.9 ±7.0	49.7 ±10.5	51.6 ±7.2	0.012	0.857	0.168
Mean VO2 (%VO2max)	82.2 ±6.6	84.2 ±8.0	86.9 ±8.3	88.2 ±12.9	85.4 ±7.8	84.4 ±7.6	85.6 ±4.7	84.3 ±5.7	80.8 ±13.7	83.8 ±6.0	0.340	0.836	0.187
VE (L/min)	86.9 ±24.3	87.8 ±26.6	93.0 ±22.1	99.0 ±29.3	91.7 ±24.2	93.5 ±13.5	93.3 ±9.7	93.3 ±11.1	95.0 ±26.1	93.8 ±13.1	0.743	0.424	0.472
RR (bpm)	42.7 ±6.6	42.4 ±6.7	43.0 ±6.2	43.4 ±7.2	42.9 ±6.6	44.7 ±7.9	44.9 ±8.6	44.3 ±7.6	44.9 ±7.7	44.7 ±7.7	0.029	0.923	0.720
Mean Carbohydrate Oxidation (g/min)	3.0 ±0.9	2.9 ±1.1	3.0 ±0.9	2.9 ±1.3	2.9 ±1.0	4.4 ±0.9	4.4 ±1.1	4.6 ±1.0	4.1 ±1.4	4.4 ±0.9	0.001	0.618	0.753
Mean Fat Oxidation (g/min)	0.63 ±0.15	0.71 ±0.23	0.71 ±0.15	0.78 ±0.26	0.71 ±0.18	0.14 ±0.18	0.14 ±0.24	0.08 ±0.18	0.17 ±0.20	0.13 ±0.16	0.001	0.156	0.586
Heart Rate (b.min-1)	172 ±13	175 ±10	172 ±13	172 ±15	173 ±12	171 ±12	171 ±13	168 ±14	167 ±16	169 ±13	0.051	0.349	0.696
Time (sec)	1231 ±137	1217 ±153	1198 ±116	1211 ±152	1214 ±135	1182 ±119	1185 ±138	1203 ±143	1223 ±175	1198 ±130	0.301	0.920	0.282

LCHF, low carbohydrate high fat; HCLF, high carbohydrate low fat; COND= Condition; HR = heart rate; RER = Respiratory exchange ratio; VO₂ = oxygen consumption; VCO₂ = carbon dioxide production; V_E = ventilation; RR = Respiratory Rate.