Table 4. Hierarchical mixed-models with fixed and random effects for whole body, femoral neck and lumbar spine bone mineral content (BMC) development.
| Variable |
Whole body BMC |
Femoral neck BMC |
Lumbar spine BMC |
| Fixed effects |
| Constant |
-1112.2 ± 168.5 |
-1.1 ± 0.6 |
-31.6 ± 5.1 |
| Age centered |
18.7 ± 6.1 |
NS |
NS |
| Height |
12.8 ± 1.3 |
0.02 ± 0.01 |
0.30 ± 0.05 |
| Body mass |
16.9 ± 1.6 |
0.03 ± 0.01 |
0.27 ± 0.07 |
| Leptin |
NS |
NS |
NS |
| Adiponectin |
NS |
NS |
NS |
| CMJ |
NS |
NS |
NS |
| RBJ15s |
NS |
NS |
0.10 ± 0.04 |
| RG |
71.9 ± 12.0 |
0.23 ± 0.11 |
1.39 ± 0.42 |
| RG*Age centered |
19.4 ± 6.09 |
0.9 ± 0.2 |
0.45 ± 0.22 |
| Random effects |
| Level 1 |
| Constant |
774.6 ± 101.2 |
0.02 ± 0.03 |
1.29 ± 0.19 |
| Level 2 |
Constant |
Age centered |
Constant |
Age centered |
Constant |
Age centered |
| Constant |
4499.8 ± 970.4 |
120.6 ± 239.0 |
0.05 ± 0.02 |
0.003 ± 0.004 |
2.14 ± 0.91 |
0.14 ± 0.29 |
| Age centered |
120.6 ± 239.0 |
421.7 ± 105.5 |
0.003 ± 0.004 |
0.004 ± 0.002 |
0.14 ± 0.29 |
0.48 ± 0.15 |
Fixed effect values are estimates ± SEE (standard error of estimate) of bone mineral content (g). Random effects values are estimates. Age centered is age in years centered around 7 years of age (years). Height (cm), body mass (kg), leptin (ng/mL), adiponectin (µg/mL), CMJ (countermovement jump, cm), RBJ15s (rebound jumps for 15 s, cm). RG, rhythmic gymnasts. UC, untrained controls. All numerical values are reported as significant, p < 0.05. NS, not significant.
