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| Author | S&C Training Intervention | Performance | Stroke/Swimming Biomechanics | Strength Test |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Karpinski et al (2020) | Core strengthening training (6-week) EG: Core Strengthening Training CG: Normal Training |
50m FC (s): EG: 25.24±0.35; 24.94±0.49 CG: 26.82±1.09; 26.64±1.19 Sig. improvement in EG with moderate ES (p<0.001, ES:0.71) |
SL (m): EG: 1.63±0.15; 1.58±0.16 CG: 1.59±0.06; 1.59±0.08 SR (cycle/s): EG: 1.02±0.08; 1.03±0.08 CG: 0.97±0.04; 0.97±0.05 No sig. change in SL & SR in EG with trivial to small ES (p>0.05, ES: 0.19-0.36) |
N/A |
| Gourgoulis et al ( |
In-water resistance training (11-week) EG: Resistance training with Water Parachute CG: Normal Training |
50m FC (s): EG: 35.92±1.96; 34.77±2.13 CG: 35.67±3.50; 35.60±3.04 100m FC (s): EG: 77.73±5.25; 73.75±5.21 CG: 78.00±7.46: 77.10±8.24 200m FC (s): EG: 172.00±12.98; 159.17±10.68 CG: 171.17±14.47; 170.17±13.75 All had sig change in EG with large ES (p<0.05, ES: 1.09-3.66) |
SL (m): EG: 1.41±0.19; 1.38±0.18 CG: 1.45±0.15; 1.47±0.18 SR (cycle/s): EG: 0.94±0.10; 0.98±0.09 CG: 0.91±0.10; 0.89±0.12 No sig. changes in SL & SR (p>0.05) **Trend of improvement in EG Mean SV (m/s): EG: 1.32±0.05; 1.34±0.05 CG: 1.30±0.10; 1.30±0.12 Sig. change with large ES in EG (p<0.01, ES: 2.43) |
N/A |
| Morais et al ( |
In-water & dry-land S&C training (34-week) |
100m FC (s): Pre: 68.72±5.57; Post: 66.23±5.23 Sig. improved with moderate ES (p<0.001, ES – total eta-square: 0.56) |
SL (m): 1.69±0.11; 1.70±0.12 No sig changes with moderate ES (p=0.83, ES: 0.40) SF (Hz): 0.82±0.07; 0.86±0.08 Sig increase with small ES (p=0.04, ES: 0.12) SV (m/s): 1.39±0.10; 1.44±0.09 Sig. increase with moderate ES (p<0.001, ES: 0.40) |
Throwing Velocity (m/s): 6.58±0.96; 7.20±0.75 Sig improved with moderate ES (p<0.001, ES: 0.31) |
| Patil et al ( |
6-week Core strengthening training EG: Core Strengthening CG: Normal Swimming Training |
50m FC Swim (s): EG: 36.74±6.76; 35.71±6.52 CG: 35.76±4.12; 35.33±4.43 Sig change in EG (p<0.05) Sig. diff between groups (p<0.05) |
SL (m): EG: 1.37±0.37; 1.43±0.37 CG: 1.35±0.28; 1.37±0.26 No sig. changes in EG (p>0.05) SR (cycle/s) EG: 63.48±11.28; 62.49±9.23 CG: 64.50±9.91; 63.70±7.87 No sig. changes in EG & CG (p>0.05) SV (m/s): EG: 1.40±0.22; 1.44±0.23 CG: 1.42±0.16; 1.44±0.18 Sig. change in EG (p<0.05) |
Functional Core Muscle Strength: EG: 0.67±0.76; 2.53±1.33 CG: 0.67±0.59; 1.03±0.83 Sig. improvement in EG (p<0.05) Sig. diff between EG & CG (p<0.05) |
| Amaro et al ( |
Dry-land S&C training (6-week) EG1: Sets & Repetitions Training EG2: Explosiveness Training CG: Normal Training |
50m FC (s): EG1: 33.92±1.47; 34.52±1.52 EG2: 33.43±2.83; 32.35±2.36 CG: 33.76±3.14; 33.63±3.71 No sig. change in all groups after training (p>0.05) |
N/A | Vertical Jump (cm): EG1: 25.70±3.29; 29.28±3.06 EG2: 29.70±4.73; 31.85±4.78 CG: 25.44±4.47; 27.32±6.94 Sig. improved in both EGs with moderate ES (p<0.05, ES: 0.487-0.617) Ball Throwing (m): EG1: 4.53±0.61; 4.81±0.59 EG2: 4.07±0.54; 4.78±0.49 CG: 3.98±0.89; 4.25±0.78 Sig. improved in EG2 with large ES (p<0.001, ES: 0.856) |
| Girold et al ( |
4-week Dry-land strength or Electrical Stimulation (ES) Training EG1: Strength Training EG2: ES Training CG: Normal Training |
50m FC Swim (Mean Velocity): EG1: 2±1.3% EG2: 1.7±0.5% CG: Not mentioned Sig. improved in both EGs (p<0.05) No sig. diff. between EGs (p>0.05) |
SL (m): EG1: 2.05±0.01; 2.11±0.01 EG2: 2.12±0.12; 2.17±0.14 CG: 2.08±0.03; 2.10±0.02 Sig. improved in EG1 (p<0.05) No sig. diff. between groups (p>0.05) SR (cycle/min): EG1: 54.7±4.1; 55.9±2.7 EG2: 52.9±3.5; 54.3±2.6 CG: 53.5±2.4; 53.9±2.3 No sig. change in all groups (p>0.05) |
Extension – CON 60°/s & 180°/s: EG1: 11.2±13.6% (60°/s); 16.9±11.7% (180°/s) EG2: 14.8±7.2% (60°/s); 13.9±5.6% (180°/s) CG: 2.2±7.4% (60°/s); 1.2±0.7% (180°/s) Sig. increase in both EGs (p<0.05) No sig. diff. between EGs (p>0.05) Extension – ISO & ECC 60°/s: EG1: 2.7±2.1% (ISO); 4.6±6.1% (ECC) EG2: 13.5±10.9% (ISO); 22.9±6.6% (ECC) CG: 1.6±0.9% (ISO); 6.1±1.5% (ECC) Sig. change in EG2 (p<0.05) |
| Sadowski et al ( |
6-week dry-land power training EG: Power Training with Ergometer CG: Normal Training |
25m FC Swim (SV): EG: +1.30% (p>0.05) CG: +1.16% (p>0.05) No sig. improvement in both groups |
SF (1/min): EG: -4.30% (p>0.05) CG: +6.28% (p>0.05) -Sig. diff. between groups after 6-week (8.92%, p<0.03) Distance Per Stroke: EG: +5.98% (p>0.05) CG: -5.36% (p>0.05) Sig. diff. between groups after 6-week (32.34%, p<0.001) |
Isometric Shoulder Strength Test (Shoulder Flexion): EG: +5.34% (p>0.05) CG: +5.69% (p>0.05) No sig. improvement in both groups (p>0.05) Tethered Swimming Force (N): EG: +9.64% (p<0.02) CG: +2.86% (p>0.05) Sig. improvement in EG, but not CG |
| Girold et al ( |
3-week Resisted or Assisted sprint training EG1: Resisted Training EG2: Assisted Training CG: Normal Training |
100m FC Swim (s): EG1: 67.43±4.40; 66.05±4.00 EG2: 62.46±5.32; 61.9±4.85 CG: 68.15±6.18; 68.35±5.91 Sig. improvement in both EGs (p<0.05) |
SR (cycle/min): EG1: 42.32±4.98; 43.01±3.91 EG2: 41.92±2.75; 43.47±3.11 CG: 43.50±4.92; 42.2±3.56 Sig. increase in both EGs in 2nd 50m (p<0.05) |
Extensor – ISO Sig. change in EG1 (p<0.05) Flexor – CON 60°/s Sig. change in EG1 (p<0.05) Flexor – CON 180°/s Sig. change in both EGs (p<0.05) |
| Garrido et al (2010) | 8-week combined strength and aerobic training EG: Strength Training CG: Normal Training |
25m FC Swim (SV): EG: +4.45% (p<0.01) CG: NR (p>0.05) 50m FC Swim (SV): EG: +1.94% (p<0.01) CG: +1.88% (p<0.05) No sig. differences between groups More improvement in EG |
Active Drag (N) & Drag Coefficients: EG: No sig. change after 8-week (p>0.05) CG: No sig. change after 8-week (p>0.05) |
CMJ (cm): EG: Sig. increased (p<0.01) CG: Decreased (p-value: NR) No sig. diff. between groups after 8-week Ball Throwing Distance (m): EG: 1kg: p<0.05; 3kg: p<0.01 CG: No sig. change No sig. diff. between groups 6RM Bench Press: EG: +43% (p<0.01); CG: +15% (p<0.05) More improvement in EG 6RM Leg Extension: EG: NR (p<0.01); CG: NR (p<0.05) More improvement in EG |
| Aspenes et al ( |
11-week combined Strength and endurance training EG: Maximal Strength and Endurance Training CG: Normal Training |
50m FC Swim (s): EG: 28.88±2.00; 28.55±1.80 CG: 29.35±1.72; 29.16±1.76 No sig changes in both groups (EG: p=0.11; CG: NR) 100m FC Swim (s): EG: 63.00±4.12; 62.05±3.82 CG: 64.08±4.18; 64.06±4.80 No sig changes in both groups (EG: p=0.12; CG: NR) 400m FC Swim (s): EG: 290.43±16.26;286.43±16.64 CG: 290.08±16.20; 290.40±18.24 Sig changes in EG (p<0.05) |
SL (m): EG: 1.68±0.17; 1.73±0.16 CG: 1.74±0.13; 1.80±0.15 SR (Hz): EG: 0.953±0.090; 0.930±0.074 CG: 0.885±0.078; 0.872±0.078 Maximum SV (m/s): EG: 1.59±0.11; 1.60±0.10 CG: 1.53±0.08; 1.56±0.07 **25m sprint No sig. change in any strokes kinematics parameters (p>0.05) |
Bilateral Shoulder Extension Measurement EG: 318.8±89.8; 383.5±89.3 CG: 277.9±44.2; 310.7±56.2 Sig change in EG (p<0.01) & CG (p<0.05) Sig diff. between groups (p<0.05) Tethered Swimming Force (N): EG: 124.9±23.2; 133.5±21.9 CG: 114.4±17.3; 118.1±18.3 Sig change in EG (p<0.01) Sig higher in EG than CG after training (p<0.05) |
| Girold et al ( |
12-week Dry-land strength training OR resisted & assisted training (RAS) EG1: Strength Training EG2: RAS Training CG: Normal Training |
50m FC Swim: EG1: 2.8±2.5% EG2: 2.3±1.3% CG: 0.9±1.2% Sig. improvement in both EGs (p<0.05) |
SL (m): EG1: 1.61±0.11; 1.59±0.09 EG2: 1.58±0.08; 1.56±0.09 CG: 1.56±0.09; 1.56±0.08 No sig. changes in all groups (p>0.05) SR (cycle/min): EG1 48.9±4.98; 50.7±3.71 EG2: 48.2±3.5; 49.5±3.4 CG: 47.8±3.7; 48.7±3.7 Sig. increased in EG2 and CG (p<0.05) No sig. change in EG1 (p>0.05) |
Flexors - ISO: Sig. increase in both EGs (p<0.05) Flexors – CON 60°/s: Sig increase in EG2 (p<0.05) Extensors – CON 60°/s & 180°/s: Sig. increase in both EGs (p<0.05) |