Table 4. The post-hoc comparisons of the total integrated electromyography (TiEMG) and selected kinematic variables among four different backstroke-to-breaststroke turns.
| Variables |
Kruskal-Wallis H test |
Mann-Whitney U test |
| Open vs. somersault |
Open vs. bucket |
Open vs. crossover |
Somersault vs. bucket |
Somersault vs. crossover |
Bucket vs. crossover |
| H |
Sig. |
Z |
Sig. |
Z |
Sig. |
Z |
Sig. |
Z |
Sig. |
Z |
Sig. |
Z |
Sig. |
| TiEMGCBRO (%) |
32.95 |
0.001 |
98.00 |
0.26 |
72.00 |
0.04 |
10.00 |
0.001 |
61.00 |
0.01 |
15.50 |
0.001 |
15.00 |
0.001 |
| TiEMGLLRO (%) |
22.18 |
0.001 |
53.00 |
0.001 |
70.00 |
0.03 |
19.00 |
0.001 |
120.0 |
0.76 |
57.00 |
0.001 |
55.50 |
0.001 |
| TiEMGCBPO (%) |
27.72 |
0.001 |
66.00 |
0.02 |
109.50 |
0.49 |
40.00 |
0.001 |
74.00 |
0.04 |
11.00 |
0.001 |
25.00 |
0.001 |
| TiEMGLLPO (%) |
1.54 |
0.67 |
110.00 |
0.49 |
124.00 |
0.88 |
114.00 |
0.59 |
119.00 |
0.73 |
96.00 |
0.23 |
105.50 |
0.40 |
| Rotation time (s) |
8.57 |
0.04 |
59.00 |
0.001 |
126.0 |
0.94 |
88.00 |
0.13 |
69.00 |
0.03 |
98.00 |
0.26 |
94.00 |
0.20 |
| Push-off time (s) |
2.98 |
0.39 |
98.50 |
0.26 |
126.50 |
0.96 |
96.00 |
0.22 |
97.50 |
0.25 |
122.50 |
0.84 |
93.00 |
0.18 |
| Tuck index |
4.73 |
0.19 |
74.00 |
0.001 |
96.00 |
0.23 |
82.50 |
0.09 |
114.00 |
0.60 |
112.00 |
0.55 |
115.50 |
0.64 |
| Final push-off velocity (m/s) |
2.79 |
0.43 |
122.00 |
0.82 |
103.50 |
0.36 |
105.00 |
0.39 |
116.50 |
0.67 |
98.50 |
0.27 |
86.50 |
0.12 |
TiEMG
CBRO: total iEMG of core body muscles during rotation; TiEMG
LLRO: total iEMG of lower limbs during rotation; TiEMG
CBPO: total iEMG of core body muscles during push-off; TiEMG
LLPO: total iEMG of lower limbs during push-off.
