Table 4. Comparison of the effects of different intervention programmes (SMD).

Outcomes	Gender	Session time		Frequency		Duration
		≤40min	>40min	2times/week	>2times/week	8-12weeks	>12weeks
Height	M	\	\	\	\	\	\
	F	\	\	\	\	\	\
Weight	M	\	\	\	\	\	\
	F	\	\	-0.91	\	-0.33	\
BMI	M	—	\	\	-0.99	-0.99	\
	F	—	\	\	—	\	—
Body fit rate	M	—	-0.31	\	-0.31	-0.31	\
	F	—	—	—	—	—	—
Resting HR	M	\	\	\	\	-0.06	\
	F	-0.39	-0.74*	-0.39	-0.74*	-0.49*	-0.42
Vital capacity	M	0.76*	0.52	1.09*	0.63	0.92*	0.69
	F	0.60	\	\	0.52	0.30	0.79*
Aerobic power	M	0.40*	0.18	—	0.20	0.20	—
	F	\	—	—	\	\	—
Speed	M	-0.65*	-0.20	-0.77*	-0.32	-0.25	-0.75*
	F	-0.48	-0.56*	-0.56*	-0.48	-0.71*	-0.30
Upper-body strength	M	0.66	0.74*	0.74*	0.66	0.70	—
	F	0.55	0.69*	0.69*	0.55	0.62	—
Lower-body strength	M	0.82	\	0.17	0.17	0.95	\
	F	0.68	\	0.68	\	0.72*	0.24
Cardiorespiratory endurance	M	-0.71	-1.17*	-0.75	-0.82*	-0.89*	-0.72
	F	-0.50	-0.90*	-0.90*	-0.50	-0.89*	-0.24
Muscular endurance	M	0.39	0.79*	0.99*	0.42	0.70*	0.23
	F	0.39*	0.20	0.56*	0.32	0.36*	0.33
Coordination	M	0.83	1.44*	1.67*	0.85	1.19*	0.72
	F	1.12	1.58*	1.47*	1.17	1.49*	0.90
Balance	M	0.39	2.30*	1.06*	0.28	0.60	—
	F	0.79	1.17*	1.17*	0.40	0.97	—
Agility	M	-0.21	-1.15*	-1.00*	-0.52	-0.63	—
	F	0.15	-0.52*	-0.52*	0.15	-0.39	0.58*

* indicates large effect sizes for subgroups.“—”, indicates the absence of data; “\”, indicates p≥0.05, subgroup analysis has no statistical significance