Table 4. Exertion measures evaluated at each measurement point. Values presented as median (IQR)
|
Control |
Arm 20% |
Arm 70% |
Arm 140% |
Leg 70% |
p value |
| BLC (mmol/L) |
Baseline |
1.6 (0.4) |
1.9 (0.9) |
1.5 (1.0) |
1.8 (0.6) |
1.5 (0.6) |
0.345 |
| Post-priming |
1.5 (0.9) |
1.7 (1.2) |
4.2 (2.7) a, b |
6.2 (2.1) a, b |
5.6 (4.1) a, b |
<0.001 |
| Pre-exercise |
1.7 (0.6) |
1.8 (1.4) |
3.8 (2.1) a, b |
7.1 (3.7) a, b |
3.5 (5.1) a, b |
<0.001 |
| Post-exercise |
12 (7.9) |
12.8 (6.1) |
12.9 (2.8) |
15.2 (3.8) |
13.5 (4.9) |
0.248 |
| ∆BLC (mmol/L) |
Post minus
pre exercise |
10.3 (8.6) |
11.0 (5.5) |
9.3 (4.6) |
9.0 (6.1) |
9.6 (5.8) |
0.516 |
| HR (bpm) |
Baseline |
77.0 (19.0) |
81.5 (11.0) |
83.5 (12.0) |
88.0 (20.0) a |
82.0 (9.0) |
0.05 |
| Post-priming |
77.0 (16.0) |
107.5 (26.0) |
157.5 (35.0) a |
167.0 (16.0) a, b |
169.5 (24.0) a, b |
<0.001 |
| Pre-exercise |
86.5 (13.0) |
90.5 (24.0) |
107.5 (21.0) |
120.0 (22.0) a, b |
117.0 (21.0) a, b |
<0.001 |
| Post-exercise |
176.0 (9.0) |
178.5 (11.0) |
184.0 (8.0) a, b |
180.0 (10.0) |
195.0 (13.0) a, b, d |
<0.001 |
| Ts (™ƒ) |
Baseline |
30.7 (1.2) |
30.9 (2.7) |
31.3 (2.2) |
30.8 (1.9) |
30.5 (1.8) |
0.558 |
| Post-priming |
31.1 (1.6) |
31.2 (2.6) |
31.3 (2.6) |
30.6 (1.9) |
31.7 (1.8) |
0.215 |
| Pre-exercise |
31.0 (1.4) |
31.2(2) |
31.4 (1.6) |
30.7 (2.2) |
33.1 (0.9) a, b, c, d |
<0.001 |
| Post-exercise |
30.7 (1.8) |
30.8 (1.6) |
31.0 (1.6) |
30.3(1.9) |
31.5(1.6) |
0.081 |
| Tm (™ƒ) |
Baseline |
33.6 (1.8) |
34.4 (1.3) |
34.0 (1.9) |
33.7 (1.6) |
33.4 (2.2) |
0.459 |
| Post-priming |
34.9 (2.1) |
35.0 (1.0) |
35.0 (0.9) |
34.3 (1.7) |
37.0 (2.3) a, b, c, d |
<0.001 |
| Pre-exercise |
34.9 (2.4) |
34.8 (1.2) |
35.0 (0.8) |
34.4 (2.1) |
37.4 (1.7) a, b, c, d |
<0.001 |
| Post-exercise |
35.1 (2.1) |
34.9 (1.3) |
35.1 (0.7) |
34.8 (2.0) |
37.0 (1.8) a, b, c, d |
<0.001 |
| RPE-Breath |
Baseline |
6.0 (1.0) |
6.0 (1.0) |
6.0 (0.0) |
6.0 (1.0) |
6.0 (1.0) |
0.367 |
| Post-priming |
6.0 (1.0) |
7.5 (4.0) |
12.0 (4.0) a |
15.0 (4.0) a, b |
20.0 (2.0) a, b |
<0.001 |
| Pre-exercise |
6.0 (1.0) |
7.0 (2.0) |
9.0 (4.0) |
11.5 (3.0) a, b |
11.0 (2.0) a, b |
<0.001 |
| Post-exercise |
18.5 (3.0) |
18.5 (3.0) |
18.0 (3.0) |
19.0 (2.0) |
20.0 (2.0) |
0.264 |
| RPE-Leg |
Baseline |
6.0 (1.0) |
6.0 (1.0) |
6.0 (0.0) |
6.0 (2.0) |
6.0 (1.0) |
0.225 |
| Post-priming |
6.0 (0.0) |
7.5 (3.0) |
9.0 (3.0) |
13.0 (5.0) a, b |
15.0 (3.0) a, b, c |
<0.001 |
| Pre-exercise |
6.0 (1.0) |
7.0 (2.0) |
8.0 (2.0) |
11.5(4.0) a, b |
11.0 (2.0) a, b, c |
<0.001 |
| Post-exercise |
20.0 (2.0) |
20.0 (2.0) |
19.0 (3.0) |
20.0 (1.0) |
19.5 (1.0) |
0.271 |
| RPE-Arm |
Baseline |
6.0 (1.0) |
6.0 (1.0) |
6.0 (0.0) |
6.0 (1.0) |
6.0 (0.0) |
0.339 |
| Post-priming |
6.0 (1.0) |
9.0 (4.0) |
15.5(4.0) a |
19.0 (3.0) a, b, e |
10.0 (2.0) a |
<0.001 |
| Pre-exercise |
6.0 (1.0) |
7.0 (2.0) |
12.5 (5.0) a, b |
15.0 (3.0) a, b, e |
9.0 (3.0) |
<0.001 |
| Post-exercise |
14.5 (3.0) |
15.0 (5.0) |
15.0 (2.0) |
17.0 (3.0) |
14.0 (3.0) |
0.034 |
p-value: p-value for the Friedman test; BLC: blood lactate concentration; IQR: interquartile range; Ts: skin surface temperature; Tm: muscle temperature; RPE: rating of perceived exertion;
a: vs. Control;
b: vs. Arm 20%;
c: vs. Arm 70%;
d: vs. Arm 140%;
e: vs. Leg 70%
