Table 4. Effects of stretching on changes in concentric muscle force and electromyographic activity.
Dependant variable |
Streching method |
Pre |
Post 0 min |
Post 20 min |
Post 60 min |
Concentric muscle force (Nm) |
SS |
92.0 ± 20.6 |
88.2 ± 20.1 * |
87.5 ± 20.1 * |
87.6 ± 20.2 * |
Relative change |
- |
-4.1 ± 3.7 |
-4.9 ± 6.3 |
-4.7 ± 4.9 |
DS |
91.4 ± 18.6 |
88.9 ± 18.8 |
89.7 ± 19.8† |
88.2 ± 19.0 |
Relative change |
- |
-2.8 ± 6.2 |
-2.2 ± 6.3 |
-3.6 ± 6.9 |
SS-DS |
88.4 ± 18.3 |
84.4 ± 18.3 * |
84.9 ± 18.4 * |
84.4 ± 17.4 * |
Relative change |
- |
-4.7 ± 5.8 |
-4.0 ± 5.5 |
-4.2 ± 6.9 |
DS-SS |
88.1 ± 17.6 |
84.6 ± 16.5 * |
84.5 ± 18.0 |
84.5 ± 18.3 * |
Relative change |
- |
-3.4 ± 7.4 |
-4.0 ± 7.9 |
-4.3 ± 6.3 |
RMS values (medial hamstrings) (μV) |
SS |
356.1 ± 107.2 |
323.1 ± 93.6 * |
306.8 ± 104.6 * |
305.7 ± 106.2 * |
Relative change |
- |
-8.4 ± 12.1 |
-11.8 ± 22.1 |
-12.8 ± 19.5 |
DS |
365.2 ± 106.7 |
330.7 ± 96.6 * |
322.4 ± 95.7 * |
316.2 ± 101.5 * |
Relative change |
- |
-9.0 ± 11.4 |
-11.1 ± 13.0 |
-12.2 ± 16.3 |
SS-DS |
373.5 ± 120.5 |
341.6 ± 126.8 * |
328.9 ± 113.1 * |
329.7 ± 120.9 * |
Relative change |
- |
-9.0 ± 14.1 |
-11.3 ± 14.4 |
-11.0 ± 19.0 |
DS-SS |
356.3 ± 115.9 |
313.6 ± 98.7 * |
309.3 ± 106.7 * |
325.9 ± 107.1 * |
Relative change |
- |
-11.4 ± 6.3 |
-13.0 ± 12.9 |
-8.3 ± 10.5 |
RMS values (lateral hamstrings) (μV) |
SS |
288.4 ± 98.9 |
275.1 ± 107.6 |
265.8 ± 114.6 |
252.7 ± 99.7 * |
Relative change |
- |
-5.4 ± 11.5 |
-8.9 ± 17.3 |
-12.7 ± 14.4 |
DS |
290.8 ± 111.1 |
251.3 ± 89.5 * |
247.9 ± 86.4 * |
253.1 ± 98.7 * |
Relative change |
- |
-11.8 ± 11.8 |
-12.8 ± 13.2 |
-12.2 ± 11.5 |
SS-DS |
278.0 ± 103.0 |
259.9 ± 90.3 |
256.6 ± 89.5 |
256.7 ± 103.3 |
Relative change |
- |
-5.0 ± 10.0 |
-5.9 ± 13.9 |
-7.1 ± 18.4 |
DS-SS |
271.1 ± 100.9 |
244.6 ± 100.4 |
241.7 ± 97.6 |
249.5 ± 110.6 |
Relative change |
- |
-8.4 ± 18.6 |
-8.9 ± 24.5 |
-6.9 ± 26.7 |
RMS, root mean square; SS, static stretching; DS, dynamic stretching; SS-DS, static stretching followed by dynamic stretching; DS-SS, dynamic stretching followed by static stretching. Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation.*p < 0.05 compared with the pre-stretching value.† p < 0.05 compared with the DS-SS session.