Table 4. Within-group change and mixed-effects results in graded exercise test measurements.
HIFT1 (n = 3) HIFT2 (n = 7) HIFT3 (n = 8) Mixed-Effects
Pre
M (SD)		 Post
M (SD)		 Cohen’s d
[95% CI]		 Pre
M (SD)		 Post
M (SD)		 Cohen’s d
[95% CI]		 Pre
M (SD)		 Post
M (SD)		 Cohen’s d
[95% CI]		 Group
p-value		 Time
p-value		 G × T
p-value
VO2max (mL/kg/min) 30.6
(2.0)		 33.8
(1.7)		 0.83
[-2.13, 0.59]		 31.2
(8.6)		 31.8
(8.7)		 0.19
[-0.93, 0.56]		 25.8
(4.5)		 24.1
(4.0)		 0.46
[-0.29, 1.176]		 0.055 0.374 0.098
WLmax (MET) 10.0
(1.5)		 10.9
(0.8)		 0.20
[-1.32, 0.97]		 10.1
(3.9)		 10.6
(3.1)		 0.20
[-0.94, 0.56]		 8.4
(1.4)		 8.5
(1.6)		 0.31
[-0.82, 0.57]		 0.263 0.419 0.902
VO2/VT1 (L/min) 1.4
(0.3)		 1.7
(0.5)		 1.87
[-3.87, 0.18]		 1.2
(0.3)		 1.3
(0.3)		 0.46
[-1.23, 0.43]		 1.3
(0.6)		 1.3
(0.4)		 0.19
[-0.89, 0.51]		 0.407 0.010 0.136
WL/VT1 (MET) 3.7
(0.7)		 4.5
(0.8)		 0.59
[-1.79, 0.71]		 3.7
(0.8)		 4.2
(1.0)		 0.78
[-1.62, 0.10]		 3.5
(0.7)		 3.9
(0.7)		 0.48
[-1.20, 0.27]		 0.489 0.014 0.772
VO2/VT2 (L/min) 2.1
(0.4)		 2.4
(1.0)		 0.78
[-1.88, 0.41]		 2.0
(0.6)		 2.3
(0.7)		 1.36
[-2.39, -0.28]		 1.9
(0.9)		 2.0
(0.8)		 0.08
[-0.77, 0.62]		 0.623 0.021 0.193
WL/VT2 (MET) 6.6
(0.7)		 8.1
(1.9)		 0.62
[-1.83, 0.70]		 7.4
(2.3)		 8.4
(2.7)		 2.47
[-4.01, -0.91]		 6.3
(1.1)		 7.5
(2.7)		 0.79
[-1.62, 0.10]		 0.603 0.011 0.960
High-intensity functional training (HIFT). One-day per week (HIFT1). Two-days per week (HIFT2). Three-days per week (HIFT3). Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Workload (WL). First ventilatory threshold (VT1). Second ventilatory threshold (VT2). Group by time interaction (G×T).