Table 4. Differences in muscle activity between HPS and HSP.
| Muscle |
Intensity |
|
Beginner |
Advanced |
Elite |
|
HPS (%MVIC) |
HSP (%MVIC) |
HPS (%MVIC) |
HSP (%MVIC) |
HPS (%MVIC) |
HSP (%MVIC) |
| VL |
50% 1-RM |
Mean |
161.72 |
162.98 |
200.14 |
347.69 |
355.34 |
229.35 |
| SD |
78.06 |
66.63 |
110.41 |
433.84 |
361.10 |
125.90 |
| P |
0.721 |
0.799 |
0.753 |
| Hedges‘g |
0.02 |
0.47 |
0.47 |
| 70% 1-RM |
Mean |
183.34 |
177.61 |
371.76 |
296.96 |
232.42 |
258.21 |
| SD |
70.96 |
73.35 |
374.29 |
246.56 |
166.54 |
127.68 |
| P |
0.646 |
0.139 |
0.345 |
| Hedges‘g |
0.08 |
0.24 |
0.17 |
| 90% 1-RM |
Mean |
184.20 |
169.07 |
337.64 |
297.68 |
279.68 |
308.30 |
| SD |
67.51 |
85.82 |
276.45 |
342.17 |
224.60 |
279.68 |
| P |
0.575 |
0.333 |
0.345 |
| Hedges‘g |
0.20 |
0.13 |
0.14 |
| GM |
50% 1-RM |
Mean |
102.43 |
115.92 |
142.50 |
125.22 |
135.18 |
169.33 |
| SD |
94.50 |
50.27 |
112.90 |
80.28 |
81.17 |
134.25 |
| P |
0.182 |
0.386 |
0.345 |
| Hedges’g |
0.18 |
0.18 |
0.31 |
| 70% 1-RM |
Mean |
130.88 |
153.79 |
159.29 |
189.33 |
192.78 |
164.75 |
| SD |
94.50 |
99.62 |
124.30 |
179.64 |
135.16 |
112.78 |
| P |
0.477 |
0.386 |
0.917 |
| Hedges’g |
0.24 |
0.19 |
0.23 |
| 90% 1-RM |
Mean |
141.19 |
165.12 |
143.97 |
183.92 |
249.03 |
207.87 |
| SD |
120.77 |
179.79 |
71.51 |
202.54 |
161.38 |
233.46 |
| P |
0.657 |
0.953 |
0.345 |
| Hedges’g |
0.16 |
0.26 |
0.21 |
| RA |
50% 1-RM |
Mean |
132.30 |
50.30 |
125.63 |
49.19 |
231.29 |
169.27 |
| SD |
240.25 |
44.51 |
121.07 |
42.74 |
389.60 |
247.92 |
| P |
0.213 |
0.059 |
0.753 |
| Hedges‘g |
0.47 |
0.84 |
0.19 |
| 70% 1-RM |
Mean |
63.24 |
37.82 |
114.74 |
129.32 |
70.52 |
121.23 |
| SD |
106.33 |
42.14 |
134.45 |
200.52 |
53.18 |
102.85 |
| P |
0.445 |
0.959 |
0.075 |
| Hedges’g |
0.32 |
0.09 |
0.62 |
| 90% 1-RM |
Mean |
95.32 |
64.93 |
120.70 |
144.87 |
186.08 |
240.58 |
| SD |
164.57 |
88.98 |
138.22 |
211.84 |
131.53 |
385.17 |
| P |
0.169 |
0.721 |
0.753 |
| Hedges‘g |
0.23 |
0.14 |
0.19 |
| ES |
50% 1-RM |
Mean |
158.05 |
131.26 |
175.69 |
101.97 |
294.28 |
147.35 |
| SD |
264.05 |
166.40 |
134.95 |
99.91 |
152.77 |
147.64 |
| P |
0.721 |
0.047* |
0.043* |
| Hedges‘g |
0.12 |
0.62 |
0.98 |
| 70% 1-RM |
Mean |
152.22 |
136.82 |
193.99 |
175.52 |
337.02 |
141.21 |
| SD |
201.86 |
185.73 |
134.95 |
212.25 |
268.49 |
150.60 |
| P |
0.155 |
0.241 |
0.043* |
| Hedges‘g |
0.08 |
0.10 |
0.87 |
| 90% 1-RM |
Mean |
215.68 |
144.53 |
142.79 |
141.28 |
371.62 |
211.80 |
| SD |
321.69 |
185.68 |
72.54 |
106.05 |
271.60 |
190.72 |
| P |
0.026* |
0.878 |
0.043* |
| Hedges‘g |
0.27 |
0.02 |
0.67 |
| TZ |
50% 1-RM |
Mean |
119.57 |
112.60 |
63.29 |
54.32 |
71.69 |
78.58 |
| SD |
79.96 |
97.90 |
20.82 |
20.74 |
23.21 |
27.10 |
| P |
0.722 |
0.333 |
0.028* |
| Hedges‘g |
0.08 |
0.43 |
0.27 |
| 70% 1-RM |
Mean |
109.64 |
105.92 |
70.61 |
56.59 |
75.14 |
91.47 |
| SD |
91.53 |
78.37 |
32.01 |
29.02 |
39.50 |
40.39 |
| P |
0.657 |
0.169 |
0.116 |
| Hedges‘g |
0.04 |
0.46 |
0.41 |
| 90% 1-RM |
Mean |
94.91 |
104.71 |
65.61 |
61.19 |
78.86 |
80.91 |
| SD |
62.79 |
95.46 |
29.87 |
27.19 |
43.16 |
34.97 |
| P |
0.790 |
0.721 |
0.600 |
| Hedges‘g |
0.12 |
0.15 |
0.05 |
Values are presented as mean ± SD; MVIC = maximal voluntary isometric contraction; VL = M. vastus lateralis; GM = M. gluteus maximus; RA = M. rectus abdominis; ES = M. erector spinae; TZ = M. trapezius.*Statistically significant difference
