Table 4. Mean change from baseline to post-intervention (6 weeks) (95% CI).
Outcome |
SG
(n = 17) |
BG
(n = 17) |
CG
(n = 17) |
Δ# |
95%
CI |
d† |
Δ# |
95%
CI |
d† |
Δ# |
95%
CI |
d† |
TSK |
3.4** |
1.5-5.4 |
0.9 |
6.9*** |
4.9-8.8 |
2.0 |
2.5* |
0.5-4.4 |
0.5 |
CAIT |
5.1*** |
3.2-7.1 |
1.2 |
4.2*** |
2.2-6.1 |
1.4 |
0.6 |
-1.3-2.6 |
0.2 |
Ankle
strength |
PF |
62.1*** |
32.9-91.3 |
0.7 |
40.2** |
11.0-69.4 |
0.7 |
16.4 |
-12.8-45.6 |
0.2 |
DF |
56.6*** |
37.9-75.4 |
1.5 |
36.6*** |
17.8-55.3 |
0.8 |
19.3* |
0.5-38.1 |
0.5 |
EV |
17.4* |
2.6-32.2 |
0.7 |
18.1* |
3.3-32.9 |
0.7 |
22.1** |
7.3-37.0 |
0.7 |
IV |
62.9*** |
48.5-77.3 |
1.9 |
55.5*** |
41.2-69.9 |
1.7 |
18.1* |
3.7-32.5 |
0.4 |
SEBT |
10.9*** |
7.6-14.2 |
2.0 |
4.3* |
1.0-7.6 |
0.7 |
3.7* |
0.4-7.0 |
0.4 |
Static
balance |
Ellipse |
381.8* |
13.5-750.1 |
0.7 |
570.4** |
202.2-938.7 |
1.0 |
-91.8 |
-460.1-276.5 |
0.1 |
Displacement |
115.3** |
43.7-186.8 |
0.7 |
167.7*** |
96.2-239.3 |
0.9 |
36.9 |
-34.7-108.4 |
0.2 |
Velocity |
11.5** |
3.2-19.8 |
0.7 |
16.7*** |
8.4-25.1 |
0.9 |
12.4** |
4.0-20.7 |
0.7 |
Performance |
Figure-8 |
1.0*** |
0.7-1.3 |
1.2 |
0.9*** |
0.6-1.1 |
1.9 |
0.2 |
<0.1-0.5 |
0.4 |
Side-hop |
1.3*** |
0.9-1.7 |
1.6 |
1.2*** |
0.8-1.6 |
2.0 |
-0.2 |
-0.6-0.2 |
0.4 |
BG, balance group; CAIT, Cumberland ankle instability tool; CG, control group; CI, confidence interval; DF, dorsiflexion; EV, eversion; IV, inversion; PF, plantar flexion; SEBT, star excursion balance test; SG, strength group; TSK, Tampa scale of kinesiophobia;# Mean change from baseline to post-intervention (6 weeks)† Cohen’s d effect size***P < 0.001**P < 0.01*P < 0.05