Table 4. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) for the LHT and 5-0-5 tests before and after the intervention period across the four groups.
UT (n = 16) BT (n = 16) UBT (n = 17) Control (n = 17) Comparisons between groups in pre and post evaluations
F | p-value | Effect size
LHT left (N) Pre 844.3 ± 181.3 828.4 ± 144.7 861.2 ± 169.4 895.9 ± 152.1 F = 0.526; p = 0.666; ηp2 = 0.025
Post 530.2 ± 110.1b,c,d,* 654.6 ± 114.3d,* 654.6 ± 128.7d,* 860.1 ± 146.1* F = 19.551; p<0.001; ηp2 = 0.486
ES 1.99 (1.63;2.35) 1.34 (0.98;1.70) 1.37 (1.01;1.73) 0.24 (00.12;0.60)
%dif -37.2 -20.9 -24.0 -4.0
LHT right (N) Pre 803.4 ± 141.6 831.1 ± 172.4 853.2 ± 207.8 897.7 ± 180.0 F = 0.834; p = 0.481; ηp2 = 0.039
Post 511.7 ± 94.4b,d,* 671.2 ± 139.0d,* 646.4 ± 148.8d,* 884.6 ± 184.0 F = 18.556; p<0.001; ηp2 = 0.473
ES 2.43 (2.07;2.79) 1.02 (0.66;1.38) 1.15 (0.79;1.51) 0.07 (00.29;0.44)
%dif -36.3 -19.2 -24.2 -1.5
LHT asymmetry (%) Pre 2.58 ± 1.19 2.40 ± 1.11 2.26 ± 1.05 2.42 ± 0.52 F = 0.267; p = 0.849; ηp2 = 0.013
Post 1.79 ± 1.06d,* 2.63 ± 1.33 2.08 ± 0.82 2.88 ± 0.56 F = 4.312; p = 0.008; ηp2 = 0.173
ES 0.70 (0.34;1.06) -0.19 (00.55;0.16) 0.19 (00.17;0.55) -0.85 (01.21;10.49)
%dif -30.6 +9.6 -7.9 +19.0
5-0-5 left (s) Pre 3.99 ± 0.27 4.01 ± 0.22 3.95 ± 0.27 4.01 ± 0.23 F = 0.173; p = 0.914; ηp2 = 0.008
Post 3.58 ± 0.26b,d,* 3.84 ± 0.22* 3.76 ± 2.25d,* 4.07 ± 0.23* F = 12.110; p<0.001; ηp2 = 0.369
ES 1.55 (1.19;1.91) 0.77 (0.41;1.13) 0.12 (00.24;0.48) -0.26 (00.62;0.10)
%dif -10.3 -4.2 -4.8 +1.5
5-0-5 right (s) Pre 3.80 ± 0.33 3.82 ± 0.20 3.74 ± 0.30 3.76 ± 0.28 F = 0.267; p = 0.849; ηp2 = 0.013
Post 3.50 ± 0.29d,* 3.71 ± 0.19* 3.58 ± 0.30d,* 3.91 ± 0.32* F = 6.793; p<0.001; ηp2 = 0.247
ES 0.97 (0.61;1.33) 0.56 (0.20;0.92) 0.53 (0.17;0.89) -0.50 (00.86;00.14)
%dif -7.9 -2.9 -4.3 +4.0
5-0-5 asymmetry (%) Pre 1.58 ± 1.43 1.50 ± 0.97 1.84 ± 1.51 2.00 ± 1.45 F = 0.482; p = 0.696; ηp2 = 0.023
Post 1.00 ± 1.36* 1.28 ± 0.86 1.59 ± 1.45* 1.91 ± 1.11 F = 1.695; p = 0.177; ηp2 = 0.076
ES 0.42 (0.06;0.78) 0.24 (00.12;0.60) 0.17 (00.19;0.54) 0.07 (00.29;0.43)
%dif -36.7 -14.7 -13.6 -4.5
UT: unilateral plyometric jump training; BT: bilateral plyometric jump training; UBT: combined unilateral and bilateral plyometric jump training; LHT: single leg land and hold; ES: Effect size comparing pre- and post-measurements using Cohen’s d presented in form of mean (95% confidence interval); %dif: Percentage difference between pre- and post-measurements;*significant differences within-group (p < 0.05);b: significantly different from BT (p < 0.05);c: significantly different from UBT (p < 0.05);d: significantly different from control group (p < 0.05).