Whole-Body Vibration and Rehabilitation of Chronic Diseases: A Review of the Literature

Table 5. The long-term effects of WBV on musculoskeletal conditions.

Reference	Ability assessed*	Outcome measure†	AT‡	WBV W-G sig§	Control(s) W-G sig**	B-G sig^† †	Exercise protocol^‡‡
Anterior cruciate ligament surgery
Moezy et al. (2008)	Prop Bal	AE60^o Re/UnAE30^oRe/Un Post. Stability EO (sc) EC (sc)	12 weeks (ch sc)	() 3.5 (1.9)/5.9 (3.4) () 1.9 (2.9)/4.4 (1.9) () 1.8 (1.2) () 3.2 (1.8)	Ø 0.4 (1.5)/0.5 (1.2) Ø 0.3 (1.6)/0.6 (1.0) () 0.2 (0.2) () 0.7 (0.4)	() () () ()	C: PT for 12 weeks, V: PT + WBV 3d/w for 4 weeks, DP
Fibromyalgia
Alentorn-Geli et al. (2009)	Hormonal secretion	IGF-1 (ng/ml)	Immed 6 weeks	Ø Ø	Ø Ø	-- --	V: 6reps x 6ex x 30s + 3min rest, SP & DP C: as V without vibration
Alentorn-Geli et al. (2008)	Pain Fatigue Stiffness Depression	VAS (%)	6 weeks (2d/w)	â†‘ in V+Ex â†‘ in V+Ex Ø Ø	Ø in Ex & C Ø in Ex & C Ø Ø	Ø in Ex & C -- in Ex & V Ø in Ex & C -- in Ex & V -- --	V+Ex: 6reps x 6ex x 30s +3min rest/ex, SP & DP Ex: as V without vibration C: No exercise
Gusi et al. (2010)	Bal	Post bal (sc)	12weeks [M (CI)]	â†‘ 36%	Ø	(*) 0.69 (-1.1 to -0.3)	V: 6 x 30-60s +1min rest, SP C: No exercise
Low back pain
Rittweger et al. (2002)	Pain Disability Depression Lumbar ROM	VAS (%) PDI (sc) ADS (sc) Lumbar Fx & Xt (^o)	24 weeks (3d/w)	â†‘ V â†‘ Ex Ø in V â†‘ V (Ex > V)	â†‘ Ex â†‘ Ex (Ex>V) â†‘ Ex â†‘ Ex (Ex > V)	Ø Ø -- (*)	V: 2d/w (1-6w), 1d/w (7-12w), + W, SP & DP Ex: 50% max strength +W
Osteoarthritis
Trans et al. (2009)	Strength Prop	IKPT 30^o (Nm) IPT Q (Nm) TDPM (s)	8 weeks [M (CI)]	V₁: â†‘ 7.6 (3.5 to 11.6) V₂: Ø V₁ vs V₂: -- V₁: â†‘ 11.9 (1.9 to 22.0) V₂: Ø V₁ vs V₂: -- V₁: â†‘ -0.59 (-1.1 to -0.1)	Ø Ø -- Ø Ø -- Ø	() -- -- () -- -- --	V₁ (WBV), V₂ (Bal): 6-9reps x 30-70s SP C: No exercise
Total Knee Arthroplasty
Johnson et al. (2010)	Strength Mob Pain ROM	IPT Xt (Nm) TUG (s) VAS M/R (%) ROM fl/xt (^o)	4 weeks (3d/w) (ch sc)	â†‘ (84.3%) â†‘ (31%) â†‘ / Ø â†‘ 12 (6) / 4 (3)	â†‘ (77.3%) â†‘ (32%) Ø / â†‘ â†‘ 14 (8)/ Ø	Ø Ø -- --	V: 3-5ex, 1-3reps, SP & DP Ex : resistance ex

Proprioception (prop); Balance (Bal); Range of motion (ROM); Mobility (Mob) Angular error (AE); Reconstructed (Re); Unreconstructed (Un); Postrural (Post); Eyes open (EO); Eyes closed (EC); Score (sc); Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1); Visual Analogue Scale (VAS); Pain Disability Index (PDI); Allgemeine Depressions Skala (ADS); Flexors (Fx); extensors (Xt); W: Weights, Isokinetic peak torque (IKPT); Isometric peak torque (IPT); Threshold for Detection of Passive Movement (TDPM); Timed-up-and-go test (TUG); VAS on movement (VAS M); VAS on rest (VAS R) Assessment time (AT); Change score (ch sc); Immediately (Immed); Days per week (d/w); Mean (Confidence interval) (M (CI)) Whole-body vibration: (WBV); Within-group significance (W-G sig); Significant difference (*); No significant change (ø), Significant decrease (â†“); Significant increase (â†‘);Vibration+Exercise group (V+Ex); Exercise group (Ex); WBV group (V1); Vibration on balance board group (V2) Control group (C) Between-group significance (B-G sig) Physiotherapy (PT); Dynamic position (DP); Repetitions (reps); exercise (ex); Static position (SP)