Table 5. Magnitude based inferences on between trial comparisons on changes in muscle architecture. Data are means (±SD).
Group
Comparison
Group
1
Group
2
p-Value Threshold Percent Mean
Difference
Inference
Increase Trivial Decrease
RFCSA: BL – 8P
MI vs. CTL .6 (.6) .3 (.3) .16 .12 81.00 16.30 2.70 .3 (.35) Likely Increase
MI vs. HI .6 (.6) .3 (.6) .42 .12 68.90 18.20 13.00 .3 (.62) Unclear
MI vs. 1RM .6 (.6) .4 (.8) .70 .12 56.10 16.70 27.20 .2 (.89) Unclear
HI vs. CTL .3 (.6) .3 (.3) .15 .12 0 100 0 0 (0) Almost Certainly Trivial
HI vs. 1RM .3 (.6 .4 (.8) .67 .12 17.50 35.80 46.70 -.1 (.4) Unclear
1RM vs. CTL .4 (.8 .3 (.3) .50 .12 44.80 47.90 7.30 -.1 (.25) Unclear
RFCSA: BL – 20P
MI vs. CTL .5 (.6) 0 (.5) .09 .11 90.90 7.00 2.00 .5 (.48) Likely Increase
MI vs. HI .5 (.6) .2 (.6) .24 .11 77.00 17.30 5.70 .3 (.43) Unclear
MI vs. 1RM .5 (.6) .2 (.5) .27 .11 75.90 17.50 6.60 .3 (.45) Unclear
HI vs. CTL .2 (.6) 0 (.5) .09 .11 77.90 21.50 .60 .2 (.19) Likely Increase
HI vs. 1RM .2 (.6) .2 (.5) .59 .11 0 100 0 0 (0) Almost Certainly Trivial
1RM vs. CTL .2 (.5) 0 (.5) .44 .11 63.30 25.00 11.70 -.2 (.44) Unclear
VLCSA: BL – 8P
MI vs. CTL 1.6 (2.4) .5 (1.4) .22 .47 76.10 19.60 4.30 1.1 (1.5) Likely Increase
MI vs. HI 1.6 (2.4) 1 (.6) .47 .47 56.30 33.40 10.20 .6 (1.4) Unclear
MI vs. 1RM 1.6 (2.4) 1.1 (3.9) .73 .47 50.80 23.90 25.30 .5 (2.5) Unclear
HI vs. CTL 1.0 (.6) .5 (1.4) .23 .47 52.90 45.70 1.40 .5 (.69) Possibly Increase
HI vs. 1RM 1.0 (.6) 1.1 (3.9) .29 .47 0.00 100.0 .00 -.1 (.16) Most Likely Trivial
1RM vs. CTL 1.1 (3.9) .5 (1.4) .64 .47 54.00 25.40 20.70 -.6 (2.2) Unclear
VLCSA: BL – 20P
MI vs. CTL 1.5 (2.1) -.2 (1.5) .043 .43 93.90 5.50 .70 1.7 (1.4) Likely Increase
MI vs. HI 1.5 (2.1) .7 (.9) .24 .43 70.70 25.40 4.00 .8 (1.1) Possibly Increase
MI vs. 1RM 1.5 (2.1) 1.0 (3.3) .66 .43 52.40 26.60 21.00 .5 (2.0) Unclear
HI vs. CTL .7 (.9) -.2 (1.5) .04 .43 86.30 13.50 .20 .9 (.72) Likely Increase
HI vs. 1RM .7 (.9) 1.0 (3.3) .13 .43 0.10 75.10 24.90 -.3 (.33) Likely Trivial
1RM vs. CTL 1.0 (3.3) -.2 (1.5) .30 .43 74.70 17.00 8.30 -1.2 (2.0) Unclear
RFPANG: BL – 8P
MI vs. CTL 0 (2.5) .6 (3.5) .63 .51 18.80 28.30 52.90 -.6 (2.1) Unclear
MI vs. HI 0 (2.5) -.4 (2.3) .73 .51 46.20 32.10 21.70 .4 (2.0) Unclear
MI vs. 1RM 0 (2.5) -.5 (1.8) .62 .51 49.70 34.60 15.80 .5 (1.7) Unclear
HI vs. CTL -.4 (2.3) .6 (3.5) .63 .51 23.40 17.20 59.40 -1.0 (3.5) Unclear
HI vs. 1RM -.4 (2.3) -.5 (1.8) .44 .51 0.20 99.80 .00 .1 (.22) Most Likely Trivial
1RM vs. CTL -.5 (1.8) .6 (3.5) .36 .51 9.30 21.60 69.20 1.1 (2.0) Unclear
RFPANG: BL – 20P
MI vs. CTL 1.4 (3.1) 1.2 (3.5) .86 .60 36.40 39.20 24.40 .2 (1.9) Unclear
MI vs. HI 1.4 (3.1) -.7 (1.9) .07 .60 90.80 8.00 1.10 2.1 (1.9) Likely Increase
MI vs. 1RM 1.4 (3.1) 0 (3.1) .30 .60 72.70 20.10 7.20 1.4 (2.3) Unclear
HI vs. CTL -.7 (1.9) 1.2 (3.5) .86 .60 40.90 4.30 54.80 -1.9 (1.9) Unclear
HI vs. 1RM -.7 (1.9) 0 (3.1) .14 .60 0.50 40.60 59.00 -.7 (.78) Possibly Decrease
1RM vs. CTL 0 (3.1) 1.2 (3.5) .42 .60 11.70 22.50 65.80 1.2 (2.5) Unclear
VLPANG: BL – 8P
MI vs. CTL .7 (1.6) 1.1 (1.7) .58 .34 15.40 31.00 53.60 -.4 (1.2) Unclear
MI vs. HI .7 (1.6) 1.3 (1.7) .46 .34 12.60 24.50 62.90 -.6 (1.4) Unclear
MI vs. 1RM .7 (1.6) -.5 (1.5) .08 .34 90.10 8.40 1.40 1.2 (1.1) Likely Increase
HI vs. CTL 1.3 (1.7) 1.1 (1.7) .58 .34 35.20 57.70 7.20 .2 (.6) Unclear
HI vs. 1RM 1.3 (1.7) -.5 (1.5) .86 .34 55.80 2.60 41.60 1.8 (1.7) Unclear
1RM vs. CTL -.5 (1.5) 1.1 (1.7) .03 .34 0.50 3.20 96.30 1.6 (1.2) Very Likely Decrease
VLPANG: BL – 20P
MI vs. CTL 1.5 (2.5) 1.4 (2.6) .92 .55 31.70 43.70 24.70 .1 (1.6) Unclear
MI vs. HI 1.5 (2.5) 1.3 (2.2) .85 .55 36.90 39.40 23.80 .2 (1.8) Unclear
MI vs. 1RM 1.5 (2.5) -1.1 (3.2) .05 .55 94.50 4.60 .90 2.6 (2.1) Likely Increase
HI vs. CTL 1.3 (2.2) 1.4 (2.6) .92 .55 24.70 43.70 31.70 -.1 (1.6) Unclear
HI vs. 1RM 1.3 (2.2) -1.1 (3.2) .05 .55 93.00 6.00 1.00 2.4 (2.0) Likely Increase
1RM vs. CTL -1.1 (3.2) 1.4 (2.6) .06 .55 1.20 5.50 93.30 2.5 (2.2) Likely Decrease
RFCSA = rectus femoris cross-sectional area; RFPANG = rectus femoris pennation angle; VLCSA = vastus lateralis cross-sectional area; VLPANG = vastus lateralis pennation angle. BL = baseline; 8P = 8 minutes post-exercise; 20P = 20 minutes post-exercise