Table 5. Changes in physiological variables from pre- to post-training (mean ± SD).
| Variable |
Groups |
Statistics |
| 1sSIT
(n = 10) |
2sSIT
(n = 10) |
3sSIT
(n = 10) |
CON
(n = 10) |
| V·O2max
(ml.kg-1.min-1) |
| Pre |
49.9 ±
1.7 |
49.6 ±
3.2 |
50.2 ±
2.3 |
49.8 ±
3.3 |
Group,
p = 0.82 |
| Post |
52.9 ±
2.1* |
52.4 ±
3.6* |
53.1 ±
2.4* |
49.9 ±
2.8 |
Time, p
= 0.001 |
| ES (95% CI) |
1.50 (0.51
to 2.50)d |
0.79 (-0.12
to 1.70)c |
1.18 (0.23
to 2.13)c |
0.03 (-0.85
to 0.91) |
Group x
time, p = 0.019 |
| VT1
(%V·O2max) |
| Pre |
68.4 ±
3.4 |
69.3 ±
2.5 |
70.0 ±
5.2 |
69.3 ±
2.2 |
Group,
p = 0.650 |
| Post |
72.0 ±
3.7* |
73.2 ±
2.4* |
74.0 ±
5.0* |
69.5 ±
2.5 |
Time, p
= 0.001 |
| ES (95% CI) |
2.05 (0.97
to 3.13)e |
1.52 (0.53
to 2.52)d |
0.75 (-0.16
50 1.66)c |
0.08 (-0.80
to 0.96) |
Group x
time, p = 0.003 |
| VT2
(%V·O2max) |
| Pre |
83.0 ±
5.4 |
83.5 ±
5.2 |
83.7 ±
4.8 |
83.3 ±
3.4 |
Group,
p = 0.954 |
| Post |
85.7 ±
5.6* |
86.8 ±
5.0* |
87.2 ±
4.9* |
83.5 ±
2.9 |
Time, p
= 0.001 |
| ES (95% CI) |
0.47 (-0.42
to 1.36)b |
0.62 (-0.28
to 1.52)c |
0.69 (-0.21
to 1.59)c |
0.06 (-0.82
to 0.94) |
Group x
time, p = 0.041 |
| PPO
(W) |
| Pre |
810.2 ±
43.7 |
803.1 ±
51.5 |
805.2 ±
56.2 |
806.9 ±
46.2 |
Group,
p = 0.95 |
| Post |
871.3 ±
41.5* |
863.5 ±
75.9* |
891.1 ±
69.7* |
810.6 ±
43.5 |
Time, p
= 0.001 |
| ES (95% CI) |
1.39 (0.41
to 2.37)d |
0.89 (-0.03
to 1.81) |
1.30 (0.34
to 2.27)d |
0.08 (-0.8
to 0.96) |
Group x
time, p = 0.001 |
| APO
(W) |
| Pre |
471.4 ±
34.7 |
472.6 ±
51.0 |
482.2 ±
20.4 |
479.4 ±
29.5 |
Group,
p = 0.771 |
| Post |
512.5 ±
37.4* |
514.7 ±
52.5* |
522.9 ±
24.2* |
481.7 ±
33.2 |
Time, p
= 0.001 |
| ES (95% CI) |
1.09 (0.15
to 2.03)c |
0.78 (-0.13
to 1.69)c |
1.74 (0.71
to 2.77)d |
0.07 (-0.81
to 0.95) |
Group x
time, p = 0.026 |
* Denotes significant differences from the corresponding pre and CON group values (p ≤ 0.05). b: small, c: moderate, d: large, and e: very large ES. VO2max: maximum oxygen consumption, VT: ventilatory thresholds, PPO: peak power output, APO: average power output.
