Table 5. Descriptive statistics (mean ± standard deviation) for the swimming performance variables across groups.
|
MST (n=9) |
PT (n=9) |
MET (n=9) |
| Start
– flight distance (cm) |
Pre |
298.1±23.3*,$ |
296.6±39.4*,$ |
296.6±31.0*,$ |
| Middle |
302.9±24.3#,$ |
303.2±39.0c,#,$ |
299.1±31.2b,
#,$ |
| Post |
310.1±25.5c,#,* |
307.5±38.9#,* |
301.9±31.1a,#,* |
| Post-pre
difference (%) |
+4.0 |
+3.7 |
+1.8 |
| Post-pre
ES (d) |
0.492,
small |
0.278,
small |
0.171,
trivial |
| Start
15m (s) |
Pre |
7.38±0.62*,$ |
7.44±0.69*,$ |
7.42±0.89*,$ |
| Middle |
7.26±0.61#,$ |
7.27±0.66c,#,$ |
7.35±0.90b,#,$ |
| Post |
7.06±0.64c,#,* |
7.17±0.64c,#,* |
7.27±0.89ª,b,#,* |
| Post-pre
difference (%) |
-4.3 |
-3.6 |
-2.0 |
| Post-pre
ES (d) |
-0.508,
small |
-0.406,
small |
-0.169,
trivial |
| 25-m
Freestyle kick (s) |
Pre |
21.47±1.22*,$ |
21.42±1.38*,$ |
21.45±1.80*,$ |
| Middle |
21.26±1.25b,c,#,$ |
21.11±1.40ª,c,#,$ |
21.33±1.79ª,b,#,$ |
| Post |
20.94±1.30c,#,* |
20.96±1.37c,#,* |
21.22±1.78ª,b,#,* |
| Post-pre
difference (%) |
-2.5 |
-2.1 |
-1.1 |
| Post-pre
ES (d) |
-0.421,
small |
-0.335,
small |
-0.128,
trivial |
| 25-m
Freestyle stroke (s) |
Pre |
15.62±0.89*,$ |
16.22±1.88*,$ |
16.38±1.80*,$ |
| Middle |
15.24±0.86
b,c,#,$ |
15.97±1.87ª,c,#,$ |
16.26±1.81ª,b,#,$ |
| Post |
15.03±0.84
c,#,* |
15.67±1.86
c,#,* |
16.17±1.80ª,b,#,* |
| Post-pre
difference (%) |
-3.8 |
-3.4 |
-1.3 |
| Post-pre
ES (d) |
-0.682,
moderate |
-0.294,
small |
-0.117,
trivial |
| 25-m
Freestyle (s) |
Pre |
13.55±0.83*,$ |
13.91±1.00*,$ |
14.15±0.87*,$ |
| Middle |
13.35±0.78b,c,#,$ |
13.80±0.99a,#,$ |
14.06±0.87ª,# |
| Post |
13.19±0.75c,#,* |
13.65±0.96#,* |
13.99±0.89a,# |
| Post-pre
difference (%) |
-2.7 |
-1.9 |
-1.1 |
| Post-pre
ES (d) |
-0.456,
small |
-0.265,
small |
-0.182,
trivial |
| 50-m
Freestyle (s) |
Pre |
28.26±1.68*,$ |
29.05±2.09*,$ |
29.62±1.94*,$ |
| Middle |
27.85±1.59
b,c,#,$ |
28.82±2.04ª,c,#,$ |
29.47±1.94ª,b,# |
| Post |
27.58±1.57
c,#,* |
28.53±2.00
c,#,* |
29.40±1.94ª,b,# |
| Post-pre
difference (%) |
-2.4 |
-1.8 |
-0.7 |
| Post-pre
ES (d) |
-0.418,
small |
-0.254,
small |
-0.113,
trivial |
ES: Effect size; MST: maximal strength training group; PT: plyometric training group; MET: muscular endurance training group; a: significantly different from MST group (p<0.05); b: significantly different from PT group (p<0.05); c: significantly different from MET (p<0.05);#: significantly different from pre-intervention evaluation (p<0.05);*: significantly different from middle evaluation (p<0.05);$: significantly different from post-intervention evaluation
