| Cavagna, 1968 |
1.3-1.8 times higher |
Dependent on the speed of stretch/shortening and the muscle length |
| Cavagna, 1981 |
1.5-2.3 times higher |
Dependent on the speed of stretch |
| Cavagna, 1994 |
Significantly higher |
Mechanical work increases with stretch amplitude |
| Ettema, 1990a |
Significantly higher |
Increase is dependent on active pre-phase duration |
| Ettema, 1990b |
Significantly higher |
Increase is dependent on active pre-phase duration |
| Fukutani, 2017 |
Significantly higher (Cohen’s d=0.35) |
Is dependent on the time (transitions phase) between stretch and shortening |
| Takarada, 1997 |
1.1-1.5 times higher |
In dependent on the peak force developed during stretch |
